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History > The Widening of the Cold war 1949-1955 > Flashcards

The Widening of the Cold war 1949-1955 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who took sole occupation of Japan after they surrendered at the end of WW2?

A

USA

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2
Q

What policy did the USA introduced to Japan in 1947?

A

‘reverse course’

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3
Q

What did the ‘reverse course’ policy mean?

A

-USA were not focused on the punishment of Japan
-Instead wanted emphasis on economic reconstruction to reach political stability

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4
Q

What was the central element of the USA’s planning for post-war Japan?

A

Economic stabilisation

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5
Q

What did the USA demand Japan join?

A

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

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6
Q

What does GATT stand for?

A

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

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7
Q

What was the purpose of GATT?

A

-To manage international trade
-Attempt to minimise tariffs and duties in order to maximise international trade

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8
Q

What treaty was agreed between Japan and the Allied powers?

A

The San Francisco Peace Treaty

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9
Q

When was the San Francisco Peace Treaty?

A

September 1951

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10
Q

How did the USSR and PRC react to the San Francisco Peace Treaty?

A

Refused to sign the agreement

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11
Q

What was US policy towards Japan up to 1954 driven by?

A

The threat of communism in Korea

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12
Q

What was US policy towards Japan after 1954?

A

Managing rearmament in order to avoid any consequences that might lead to instability

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13
Q

What was Acheson’s view on North Korea’s purpose in May 1951?

A

To destabilise Japan, Southeast Asia and the Philippines

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14
Q

What were US motives for involvement in the Korean War?

A

-Containment
-Protect Japan

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15
Q

How did America support South Korea in the Korean war?

A

-‘roll back’
-260,000 troops

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16
Q

What was USA’s main goal in the Korean war?

A

To protect South Korea

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17
Q

What was signed in July 1953?

A

Korean Armistice

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18
Q

Who signed the Korean Armistice?

A

-USA
-China
-North Korea

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19
Q

What was a significant delaying factor in the Korean Armistice?

A

Stalin

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20
Q

What was Acheson’s strategy in Asia known as?

A

Defensive Perimeter Strategy

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21
Q

What was the Defensive Perimeter Strategy?

A

Defined specific places that the USA must defend

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22
Q

Who did the US refuse entry into the UN?

A

China

23
Q

What parts of Truman’s national security policy did Eisenhower accept in relation to Asia?

A

The USA must retain its influence in Asia

24
Q

What conference took place in July 1954?

A

Geneva Conference

25
Q

What was agreed at the Geneva Conference?

A

-Paved the way for a ceasefire in Vietnam
-Two zones to be created, separated by the 17th parallel

26
Q

When did the USSR test its first nuclear weapon?

A

August 1949

27
Q

Who were Japan prevented from trading with after signing GATT?

A

China

28
Q

When was GATT signed?

A

30th October 1947

29
Q

When did China form a military alliance with the USSR?

A

February 1950

30
Q

Who was China’s communist leader when forming a military alliance with the USSR?

A

Mao Zedong

31
Q

When did China join the Korean War?

A

November 1950

32
Q

Who were China supporting in the Korean War?

A

North Korea

33
Q

What actions led to the globalisation of containment?

A

-China and USSR forming a military alliance
-China joining the Korean War

34
Q

Who was the Japanese Prime Minister wanting to negotiate a Second World War peace treaty with the USA?

A

Shigeru Yoshida

35
Q

Why did Japan want to sign a peace treaty with the US?

A

-Restore Japan’s sovereignty
-Provide security for Japan

36
Q

Why did the US want to sign a peace treaty with the US?

A

-US troops on Japanese territory
-Ultimately containment

37
Q

What did the San Francisco Treaty not do?

A

-Place significant restrictions on Japan’s economy
-Place significant restrictions on its future political model
-Identify Japan’s responsibility for the war
-Restrict Japan’s future rearmament
-Impose reparation payments for those Southeast Asian states occupied by Japan during the war

38
Q

What did the San Francisco Treaty do?

A

-Recognise the full sovereignty of the Japanese people
-Force Japan to renounce any claims to a wide range of neighbouring territories

39
Q

What neighbouring countries were Japan forced to renounce any claims to?

A

-Korea
-Taiwan
-Kurile Islands
-Spratly Islands
-Paracel Islands

40
Q

What bilateral security agreement did the US require Japan sign?

A

US-Japan Security Treaty

41
Q

What did the US-Japan Security Treaty give the US?

A

-Unrestricted use of military bases in Japan
-Administrative control of Owkinawa
-The right to use military force to intervene any internal disorder in Japan
-The right to veto Japan offering military bases to other states

42
Q

What did MacArthur order Japan to establish?

A

75,000 strong National Police Reserve (NPR)

43
Q

What did Japan establish in August 1952?

A

National Safety Agency (NSA)

44
Q

What was established in the National Safety Agency?

A

A force of 110,000 ground troops and 7600 maritime personnel

45
Q

When did the US Joint Chiefs of Staff announce plans for a Japanese airforce?

A

November 1952

46
Q

What did the US Joint Chiefs of Staff announce plans for regarding Japan in November 1952?

A

Japanese airforce

47
Q

What was agreed regarding Japan in July 1954?

A

A new 140,000 strong Self-Defence Force should be created

48
Q

How was the new Japanese Self-Defence Force supported?

A

-US funding of $240m
-Sale of US agricultural surplus to Japan

49
Q

What were the two sides of the Chinese Civil War?

A

-Nationalists (Guomindang)
-Chinese communists

50
Q

Who led the nationalists in the Chinese Civil War?

A

Chiang Kai Shek

51
Q

Who led the Chinese communists in the Chinese Civil War?

A

Mao Zedong

52
Q

Who won the Chinese Civil War in 1949?

A

Chinese communists

53
Q

What left much of China without any form of control?

A

Defeat of Japan in WW2

54
Q

What was communist control in China viewed as by the US?

A

-Evidence of Stalin’s work in spreading world communism
-A result of the failure of the US to send enough support to the Nationalists

History (4 decks)

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