The Wet Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is Epiphora?

A

overflow of tears onto the face

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2
Q

What causes Epiphora? (2)

A

Increased tearing > increased stimulus of trigeminal nerve > foreign body, ulcer etc.
Drainage problems - eyelid abnormalities, prolapse of the gland, blockage of nasolacrimal system

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3
Q

What are the three components of tears?
Briefly describe what their role is and where the component is produced.

A

Lipid- reduces evaporation, Meibomian Glands
Aqueous- nourishment, Lacrimal & Accessory glands
Mucin- helps aqueous part adhere to corneal surface, Goblet Cells

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4
Q

What is Trichiasis?

A

normal hairs touching the cornea - they curl in and cause irritation

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5
Q

What is Distichiasis?

A

hairs that come from meibomian glands to irritate

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6
Q

What are Ectopic Cilia?

A

Hairs that protrude from the conjunctiva (inside the eyelid)

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7
Q

What is Lymphoplasmacytic Keratitis? What distinguishes it from other keratitis’?

A

Type of chronic superficial keratitis- only keratitis with lymphocyte involvement shown on cytology

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8
Q

What is Plasmoma?

A

Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate on the nictitans membrane (the 3rd eyelid)

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9
Q

How are eyelid masses dealt with?

A

If it affects less than 1/3 of the eyelid margin- use an inverted house suture technique to remove it and then close it in 2 layers

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10
Q

What do we do if an eyelid mass affects over 1/3 of the eyelid margin?

A

Referral!

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11
Q

What is important to implement when removing an eyelid mass?

A

Ensure sutures don’t rub on the eye to further irritate

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12
Q

What is Euryblepharon?

A

enlarged eyelid (bleph= eyelid)

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13
Q

What is the difference between entropion and ectropion?

A

Entropion- eyelid rolls in leading to hairs rubbing on the cornea
Ectropion- eyelid rolls away from the eye

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14
Q

What is diamond eye?

A

Combination of Entropion and Ectropion (usually due to large amounts of loose skin)

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15
Q

Why are Brachycephalic dogs more prone to eye conditions?

A

Because they’re bred to have large whites of their eyes meaning they suffer from Macroblepharon (excessive eyelid length and a protruding eye)

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16
Q

How do we resolve Entropion in domestic animals?

A

Tacking sutures (young animals too young to undergo definitive surgery)

17
Q

What causes an increased prevalence of entropion in an animal?

A

Breed predisposition
Age- elderly dogs/ cats are predisposed due to laxity of tissues and loss of retrobulbar fat

18
Q

What is Blepharospasm?

A

involuntary tight closure of the eyelids- means PAIN

19
Q

How is Blepharospasm treated?

A

Apply 1 drop f Proxymetacaine (topical anaesthetic) if it persists then it needs surgical correction

20
Q

How are Blepharospasm and Entropion related?

A

Entropion > Corneal Irritation > Blepharospasm

21
Q

What does a Nasolacrimal Blockage suggest?

A

Orbital or Nasal Disease such as Dacryocystitis (inflammatory condition of the lacrimal sac)

22
Q

How do we diagnose Nasolacrimal Blockages?

A

Jones Test- Fluorescein in the eye and measure the transit time through the nostril

23
Q

How are orbital diseases linked to nasolacrimal blockages?

A

Mass in the retrobulbar space can lead to a compressed nasal cavity