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ICM -- Pulmonology > The "Well-Child" and Child Development > Flashcards

The "Well-Child" and Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

Preterm vs post term baby skin

A

Preterm – Red, Gellatinous

Post – Leathery, cracked, wrinkled

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2
Q

Non skin physical signs of immaturity

A

no languo, plantar crease,
Flat/folded Ponna
Scrotum empty w/out rugae/prominent clitoris

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3
Q

Important details for “Cradle Cap”/Seborrhea

A

Usually self limited

Gentle exfoliation, topical ketoconazole, or weak steroid

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4
Q

Important details for transient neonatal pustular melanosis

A

Etiology Unknown, Lesions Fade, No treatment needed

Make sure it isn’t herpes

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5
Q

Important details for acropustulosis of infancy

A

Benign, Distal extremities
First year of life, may reccur
Can use topical steroids

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6
Q

What is Milia?

A

Retention of keratin in phosphosebaceous units

Resolves in a few weeks

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7
Q

What is Curtis marmorata?

A

Vascular response to cold caused by especially superficial capillaries

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8
Q

Most common rash?

A

Erythema toxicum neonatorum
Appears in 1-2 days
Disappears in first week

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9
Q

Port Wine Stain is indicative of…

A

Sturge Weber Syndrome

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10
Q

Treatment for hemangioma

A

Laser Ablation

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11
Q

Difference between cephalohematoma and caput secundum

A

Cephalohema. – Subperiosteal, Doesn’t cross suture lines

Caput – Edema about periosteum, Does cross suture

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12
Q

Signs of glaucoma

A

Milky anterior chamber

Increased Intraocular Pressue, Abnormal angle

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13
Q

What should you think when you see a white reflex

A

RB, Congenital Cataracts

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14
Q

Rule of fum for ear placement

A

Line from inner epicanthal fold should transect upper third of the ear

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15
Q

What does a bifid uvual indicate

A

Submucosal cleft palate

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16
Q

What are Epstein’s pearls?

A

Benign inclusion cysts on the palate

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17
Q

What should you be assessing on a newborn chst exam

A

Clavicles
Symmetry/Pectus
Respiratory Rate
Signs of Distress

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18
Q

On X ray, Respiratory Distress Syndrome should manifest as…

A

Ground Glass appearance

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19
Q

Most common cause of abdominal mass in newborn

A

Kidney (hydronephrosis)

Umbilical hernia is also common

20
Q

Two tests used to assess hip dysplasia

A

Barlow - Downward Pressure

Ortoloni - Abduct Hips

21
Q

Newborn reflexes to tes

A 
Moro
Plantar/Palmar
Rooting Response/Suck Reflex
Steppig Response
Babinski
22
Q

Most common autosomal trisomy in live births

A

Trisomy 21

23
Q

Important Down syndrome details

A

Epicanthal folds, upslanted palpebral features
Flat nasal bridge, Protruding tongue, low ears
Sunuab Crease, Excess skin at nape of neck

24
Q

Important Trisomy 13 details?

A

Patau syndrome. 6 months survival.
Cleft lip, clenched hand,
overlapping fingers/polydactyl, clubfot
Aplasia cutis congenita, heart defects,

25
Q

Important Trisomy 18 details?

A

Edwards Syndrome. Survival to school age.

Prominent occiput, low set ears, rocker bottom feet, heart defects

26
Q

Important hearing screening?

A

Oto-acoustic emissions - Seounds sent to ear canal while microphone measures cochlear response inside the ear
Automated aud. brain resp. test - Sounds presented thru earphones. Electrodes measure brainstem activity.

27
Q

Breastfeed for how long? then what?

A

6 months

then add in solids

28
Q

Contraindications for breast feeding?

A

HIV, HTLV, Untreated TB, Chicken Pox, Herpes
Chemotherapy/Radiation
Alcohol/Street Drugs

29
Q

Contraindication for the baby to do breastfeeding?

A

Galactosemia

30
Q

Role or Prolactin and Oxytocin in breast feeding?

A

Prolactin - Production

Oxytocin - Letdown

31
Q

What is the 4 by 4 rule

A

4 yellow bowel movements by day 4

6 wet diapers is good too

32
Q

Approximate level of jaundice when infant has yellow…

A

Face - 5mg/dl)
Umbilicus - 15
Soles of Feet - 20

33
Q

What is Acute bilirubin encephalopathy

A

Infant sleepy, but arousable
mild hypotonia, high pitched cry.
Difficult to console, hypertonia, neck/trunk arching.
Seizures, Resp. failure

34
Q

What is kernicterus?

A

Chronic/Permanent sequae of bilirubin induced. neuro. dysfxn.
Choreoathetoid cerebral palsy (dystonia, tremor, chorea)
Sensorineural hearing loss
Limited upward gaze

35
Q

Features of Severe Jaundice

A

First 24 hours
Bilirubin above 95% on nomogram
Jaundice past 2 weeks
Elevated indirect (conj.) bilirubin

36
Q

Babys weight doubles by….

triples by…

A

2 – 5 months

3 – 12 months

37
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

Premature fusion of the sutures, leading to pathologic abnormal skull shape

38
Q

When to do a lead screening?

A

Home built before 1950
Spend time somewhere built before 78, remodeled recently
Any other kids around yours with lead poisoning?

39
Q

Cholesterol indicator…

A

Kids aged 9-11 and 17-21 should have a nonfasting cholesterol screen done

40
Q

Behavioral tasks and problems for a newborn

A

Sleep problems

Colic

41
Q

Behavioral tasks and problems for a toddler

A

Autonomy, Aggression
Temper Tantrum
Toilet Training
Feeding Probs

42
Q

Developmental milestones at 3 months

A

Motor - Raises head and chest when on stomach

Social – Social Smile

43
Q

Developmental milestones at 7 months

A

Motor - Sits with, then without support of hands, object from hand to hand
Social – Interested in mirror images
Language – Responds to own name

44
Q

Motor milestone around 9 months

A

Pincer grasp

45
Q

Developmental Milestones at 12 months

A

Motor – 2-3 steps w/out support, Puts objects in container
Language - mama, dada
Cognitive - Finds hidden objects easily
Social – Shy, anxious with strangers, enjoys imitation

46
Q

Developmental milestones 2yo

A

Stairs (with support)
Tower of 4+ blocks
2-4 word sentences

47
Q

Developmental milestones age 3-4

A

Motor - Hops/stands on one foot, draws with 2-4 appendages
5-6 word sentences
Cognitive - Names colors

ICM -- Pulmonology (9 decks)

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