Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ICM -- Pulmonology > Respiratory Distress Syndrome > Flashcards

Respiratory Distress Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes of respiratory distress in newborns

A 
RDS
Airleak (pneumothorax)
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Neonatal Pneumonia
Pulmonary Hemorrhage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

Cyanosis of the periphery (blue nails)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cause of RDs

A

Deficiency of surfactant in premature babies.

Leads to poorly compliant lungs, atelectasis, increased work to breathe, and hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Likelihood of RDS at 29 week gestation? Full Term?

A

60%

near 0%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk factors for RDS?

A 
Fetal hyperinsulinism
Fetal asphyxia
Multiple gestations
Male>Female
Caucasian>Black
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Five stages of lung development

A 
Embryonic
Pseudoglandular
Canacular
\_\_\_- (who fucking knows)
Alveolar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Embryonic period lasts from

What forms

A

0-6 weeks, bronchi develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pseudoglandular period happens from

What forms

A

7-16 weeks

COnducting airways, Branching pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Canalicular period happens from…

what forms?

A

17-25 weeks
Acini
Resp bronchiole, alveolar duct+Sac
Type II alveolar cells (20 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Subsaccular period happens from…

what forms?

A 
25-35 weeks
Primitive alveoli
Decrese inerstitial thickness, eparate terminal air units
Type I and II differentiate
Lamellar bodies develop
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Alveolar period happens from…

what forms?

A

36 w-3yo

  • Invagination of terminal saccules and formation of secondary perfusion
  • Collagen synthesis
  • Further interstitial thinning
  • Appearance of a single capillary network.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anything born before _____ is a non-viable birth

A

20 weeks

You’ve got no lung to work with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is surfactant

A

A lipoprotein – Saturated phosphatidylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Surfactant is made where?

A

Smooth ER of Type II Alveolar Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Surfactant in stored intracellularly where?

A

Lamellar Bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Surfactant is converted to…

A

Tubular myelin

17
Q

Who has a regulatory role in surfactant production?

A

Steroids and thyroid hormones

18
Q

_____ stimulate the Surfactant secretion at birth

A

Catecholamine surge and Lung distention

19
Q

What does SP-A do?

A

Forms an integral part of tubular myein
Inhibits secretion, but stimulates reutilization
Role in determinine surfactant pool size

20
Q

What does SP-D do?

A

Innate host defense from viral infections
Surfactant lipid homeostasis
Protect from oxidant damage

21
Q

What does SP-B do?

A

Surface tension reduction

Formation of Lamellar bodies + Tubular myelin

22
Q

What does SP-C do?

A

Surface absorption of phospholipids

23
Q

Agents that inhibit surfactant fxn

A

AMNIOTIC FLUID + MECONIUM

Albumin, Bilirubin, Cholesterol, Elastin, Blood products

24
Q

Law of Laplace =

A

Pressure to keep it open = 2Tension / radius

25
Q

Pressure required to keep an alveoli open is ____ to surface tension and _____ to alveolar radius

A

directly proportional

inversely proportional

26
Q

Relationship between Surfactant and law of laplace

A

Surhactant lowers surface tension by displacing water molecules, helps alveoli not close on expiration

27
Q

RDS pathogenesis

A

Deficient surfactant at air-fluid interfact caused by secretion problem. Causes atelectasis. Other alveoli distend and epithelial damage occurs.

28
Q

Effects of no surfactant on alveoli fxn

A 
Poor stability
R to L shunting of blood
Reduced effective pulmonary BF
Edema
Decreased Compliance
29
Q

How to diagnose RDS Clinically?

A

Premature infants
Tachypnea, Central Cyanosis, Labored breathing
Retractions, Flaring, Grunting
Auscultation may reveal fine rales

30
Q

Why do adults inspire by chest out while RDS babies go in

A

In adults, compliance + negative pressure will do it
Babies are less compliant lungs and ribs are still too soft.
Negative pressure causes the rib cage to collapse instead of making the lungs expand

31
Q

How to diagnose RDS in Lab studies?

A

Hypoxia, Hypercarbia, Acidosis

32
Q

How to diagnose RDS – Radiographic?

A

Granular densities within hours

Ground Glass appearance

33
Q

How to prevent RDS?

A

Reduce preterm births
Predict at risk pregnancies, treat with antenatal glucocorticoid hormones
Prophylactic/Early treatment of high risk infants with exogenous surfactant in delivery room

34
Q

RDS Treatment

A

Resuscitation by skilled team
Intratracheal administration of exogenous surfactant
Neonatal care (temp, infection control, nutrition, fluids)
Assisted ventilation

35
Q

What does grunting do for baby?

A

Adds resistance via closed glottis
More pressure
Keeps lung/alveoli open

36
Q

Potential outcomes of RDS

A 
Recovery
Barotrauma/Volutrauma
Chronic lung disease
Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Retinopathy of Prematurity
Death
37
Q

PDA closed with…

A

Endomethacin

ICM -- Pulmonology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions