The Weimar Republic 1918-1929 Flashcards
Define nationalism
Extreme pride in your country, belief that a country can make itself stronger by itself with strong leadership.
When did WW1 begin?
1914
When did WW1 end?
1918
When does Kaiser Wilheilm abdicate?
November 1918
When did the Weimar republic start?
February 1919
Who was the new elected leader of Germany?
Friedrick Ebert
How often was a president elected in Weimar Germany?
Every 7 years.
Who controlled the armed forces?
The president (Friedrick Ebert)
Which part of Germany was demilitarised?
The Rhineland
What was agreed in regards to land?
- There colonies were taken away
- Germany was split into 2
Who was blamed for the war?
Germany
How much did they have to pay in reparations?
£6600 million
Who chose the chancellor in Weimar Germany?
The reichstag
Describe the Stab in the back theory (2 marks)
The stab in the back theory is a theory that emerged from the people of Germany.
They felt German politicians had stabbed their country in the back as they signed the armistice and surrendered.
Who was extreme left wing?
The communist party
Who was extreme right wing?
The German national party (Later the Nazi party)
What year did the Kapp Putsch take place?
1920
Who led the Kapp Putsch?
The Freikorps
Why did the Kapp Putsch happen?
The govt, ordered that the Freikorps brigades get disbanded as the left wing groups were no more.
How many Freikorps marched to Berlin?
12,000
Who did the Freikorps appoint as the new leader of Germany?
Wolfgang Kapp
Was the Kapp Putsch successful? (4 Marks)
No, the Kapp Putsch was not sucessful for two main reasons.
(2 marks) The Freikorps put forward Wolfgang Kapp as Germany’s new leader and many workers in Berlin striked.
(2 marks) This made it impossible for Kapp to rule and he fled from Berlin and Ebert’s system returned.
What year did the Munich Putsch take place?
1923
Who led the Munich Putsch?
Hitler and General Ludendorff
Why did the Munich Putsch happen?
It happened because the Nazi Party thought democracy created a weak govt. and they believed in one strong leader.
Was the Munich Putsch successful? (4 marks)
No, the Munich Putsch was not successful for two main reasons.
(2 marks) The Munich putsch wasn’t planned properly. They allowed Kahr to leave beer hall and the next day he withdrew his support.
(2 marks) The German army crashed the Munich putsch and Hitler was arrested for 9 months.
Who led the spartacists uprising?
Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Leibknecht
What does I L R I M stand for in terms of problems for the Weimar republic?
Ineffective constitution Left wing rebellion Right wing terrorism Invasion/Inflation Munich putsch
In 1920 what group invaded the Ruhr?
The red army
Explain the inflation crisis of 1923? (4 marks)
Due to the reparations from the TOV the government was printing more money (1 mark)
In January 1923 the government failed to make a payment (1 mark)
France invaded the Ruhr (1 mark)
The government printed more money to pay off the debt (1 mark)
How did the Weimar govt. recover? (FASS)
Freikorps
Army
Strikes
Stresseman
What did Stresseman achieve?
DIFFER
Dawes plan Inflation controlled French leave the ruhr Foreign affairs Economic growth Reforms
What year was the Dawes plan agreed?
1924
What was the Dawes plan? (4 marks)
The Dawes plan was a financial agreement between Germany and the USA. (1 mark)
The USA loaned money to Germany for them to rebuild their economy (1 mark)
Whilst this was going on Germany paid their reparations to France and UK (1 mark)
France and the UK would pay it back to the USA (1 mark)
In 1923, what was the name of the new currency brought by Gustav Stresseman?
The rentenmark
When do the French leave the ruhr?
April 1923
What year was the Locarno treated signed?
1925
What year did Germany rejoin the League of nations
1925
What two things did Gustav Stresseman do for working people?
Labour exchanges and unemployment pay (1927)
What year was the Wall St. Crash?
1929
Due to the Wall St. Crash how many were unemployed in Germany?
6 million
“The Wall St crash was a catalyst to the rise of the Nazi party” - Why?
Many turned to the Nazi party for help due to not trusting the government
What led to the the Kaiser abdicating in Nov, 1918?
Violent uprisings
What does L.A.M.B (T.O.V) stand for?
Land
Army
Money
Blame
At the Treaty of Versailles how many men was the army reduced to?
100,000 men
Explain how hyperinflation happened? (3 Marks)
Germany struggled to keep up with reparations so
In 1923, the French invaded the Ruhr (1 mark)
The govt. printed more money to pay workers and reparations (1 mark)
The money became worthless resulting in a big hyperinflation (1 mark)
What happened to the middle classes savings after the great depression?
They were lost
When did Adolf Hitler join the Nazi party?
1920
Give four main ideas from mein kamf
One strong leader Smash communism Lebensraum Aryans - The master race Rebuild the army Unite all germans in one country
Give two reasons Nazi’s failed to get into power by 1928?
Tactics were too violent (Anti-semitism)
Lacked support of the working class
1924-1929 was a time of peace and fun
Give three effects of the great depression?
There’s a big Struggle
Weimar Govt. looks weak
It increased support for extremist parties
What were the two popular parties that were alternatives in 1929?
The KPD (Communists) The SPD (Socialists)
What did the communists want to do during the great depression?
Have a revolution like Russia
When Hitler came out of Prison how did he reorganise the Nazi party? (5 Marks)
Reduced the SA (1 mark)
Set up the SS (1 mark)
Set up the Hitler youth (1 mark)
Josef Goebells put in charge of propaganda (1 mark)
Got the support of wealthy business men (1 mark)
L.I.M.P P.A.P.E.R
Long term bitterness Ineffective constitution Money Propaganda Programme Attacks on other parties Personal qualities Economic qualities Recruited by Hindenburg
Where did the long term bitterness come from?
Anger about WW1 and the Treaty of Versailles
Where did most funding come from for the Nazi Party?
Support from businessmen
Who attacked the Jews and others who opposed Hitler?
The SA
