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3yr year anatomy > The visual system > Flashcards

The visual system Flashcards

1
Q

List the following labels within the picture

A

1) iris
2) pupil
3) Conjunctiva ( lines eyelids and surface of eye)

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2
Q

Which 3 parts the eyeball can be divided into?

A
  • Fibrous layers
  • Vascular layers
  • Inner layers
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3
Q

What is the fibrous layer?

A

outermost layer
consist of sclera and cornea

The function is to provide shape to the eye and support the deeper structures

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4
Q

What is a vascular layer?

A

layer underneath the fibrous layer,
consists of the choroid, ciliary body and iris

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5
Q

What is choroid and its function

A

The layer of connective tissue and blood vessels
- provides nourishment to the outer layers of the retina

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6
Q

What is a ciliary body and its function?

A

located between the choroid and iris
control the shape of the lens and contribute to the formation of aqueous humor

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7
Q

what is iris

A

aka pupil

Diameter of the pupil is altered by smooth muscle fibres –> sphincter pupillae <– control by the autonomic nervous system

sits between the lens and the cornea

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8
Q

what does the inner layer of the eye consist of?

A

retina

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9
Q

What technique does Optian use to check your eye?

A

ophthalmoscopy

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10
Q

What are the 2 main things you can see when an ophthalmoscope is used? (can use to image to help you out)
And what is their function?

A

Centre of the retina - macula
(its the dark area within the eye, the centre of the macula is called fovea)
*purpose –> highest concentration of light-detecting cells and area of high visual activity

optic disc –> area where the optic nerve enters

  • it got no light-detecting cells in it
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11
Q

what is the condition of cataract?

A

Where there is a cloudy area in the lens of your eye
its a common condition through old age

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12
Q

what changes that shape of the lens

A

ciliary body

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13
Q

what are the two fluids that exist in the eye?
and where are they located?

A

anterior chambers
- located between the cornea and the iris

posterior chambers
- located between the iris and ciliary processes

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14
Q

what is the liquid that filled in the eye?
and function

A

aqueous humor

  • nourishes and protects the eye

drains through the trabecular meshwork

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15
Q

what condition can be caused if the drainage of the aqueous humor is obstructed?

A

glaucoma
group of eye diseases that result in damage to the optic nerve

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16
Q

What are the 2 conditions of glaucoma?
Evaluate on cause and what will it lead to

A

Open-angle glaucoma
- the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork is reduced
- causes a gradual reduction of the peripheral vision

closed angle glaucoma
- iris is forced against the trabecular meshwork and prevents any drainage of aqueous humor
- lead to pressure buildup and changes in optic nerve –> lead to blindness

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17
Q

what are the 7 extrinsic muscle of the eye?

A
  • superior rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • medial rectus
  • lateral rectus
  • superior oblique
  • inferior oblique
  • 1 levator palpebrae superioris muscle (controls the eyelid)
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18
Q

what is the attachments, action and innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

attachments –> attaches to the superior tarsal plateof the upper eyelid

actions –> elevates the upper eyelid

innervation –> oculomotor nerve (CNIII)

19
Q

where are the recti muscles originate from?

A

common tendinous ring
fibrous tissue at the back fo the orbit

20
Q

Attachment, actions and innervation of superior rectus

A

A: superior and anterior aspect of the sclera

A: elevation, contributes to adduction and medial rotation of the eyeball

I: Oculomotor nerve (CNIII)

21
Q

Attachment, actions and innervation of the inferior rectus

A

A: inferior part of the common tendinous ring, attaches to the inferior and anterior aspects of the sclera

A: depression (moving down), contributes to adduction and lateral rotation of the eyeball

I: Oculomotor nerve (CNIII)

22
Q

Attachment, actions and innervation of medial rectus

A

A: medial part of the common tendinous ring

A: adducts the eyeball

I: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

23
Q

Attachment, actions and innervation of lateral rectus rectus

A

A: lateral part of the common tendinous ring

A: abducts the eyeball

I: Abducens nerve (CN VI)

24
Q

oblique muscles originate from the common tendinous ring
True or false?

A

false, they have an angular approach to the eyeball and they attach to the posterior surface of the sclera

25
Q

Attachment, actions and innervation of superior oblique

A

A: originates from the body of the sphenoid bone. The tendon passes through trochlea and attaches to the sclera of the eye posteriorly

A: depresses, abducts and medially rotates the eyeball

I:trochlear nerve (CN IV)

26
Q

Attachment, actions and innervation of inferior oblique

A

A: originates from the anterior aspect of the orbital floor. attaches to the sclera of the eye posterior to the lateral rectus

A: elevates, abducts and laterally rotates the eyeball

I: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

27
Q

answer the following extraocular muscle action
Medial rectus -
lateral rectus -
superior rectus -
inferior rectus -
superior oblique -
inferior oblique -

A

Medial rectus - adduction
lateral rectus - abduction
superior rectus - elevation, adduction, medial rotation
inferior rectus - depression, adduction, lateral rotation
superior oblique - depression, abduction, medial rotation
inferior oblique - elevation, abduction, lateral rotation

28
Q

states the nerve supply to the extraocular muscles

A

lateral rectus is 6th CN
superior oblique is 4th CN
rest are all 3rd CN
LR6-SO4-R3

29
Q

What are the cranial nerves associated with innervation to the eye

A

Oculomotor nerve
trochlear nerve
abducent nerve

30
Q

Answer the following numbers where does the oculomotor nerve branch off into?

A

1) superior rectus
2) levato palpabrae superioris
3) inferior oblique
4) medial rectus
5) inerior rectus
6) ciliary ganglion
7) short ciliary nerves

31
Q

what are the 2 structure sin teh eye that receive parasympathetic innervation from the oculomotor nerve?

A

sphincter pupillae
- constricts the pupil and reduces the amount of light entering the eye

ciliary muscles
- contracts which cause the lens to become more spherical and thus more adapted to the short-range vision

32
Q

How does the trochlear nerve innervate the superior oblique muscle?

A
  • emerges from the posterior aspect of the midbrain
  • exits the superior orbital fissure and enters into the orbit
33
Q

What function does the abducens nerve have and what muscle does it innervate?

A

only somatic motor function
innervation to the lateral rectus muscle

34
Q

Describe optic nerve and function

A
  • 2nd cranial nerve and responsible for transmitting sensory information for vision.

detailed version v
transmission of special sensory information from the retina of the eye to the primary visual cortex of the brain.

35
Q

optic nerve is surrounded by________?

A

cranial meninges

36
Q

which 2 components are divided from the primary visual cortex of the brain?

A

extracranial

intracranial

37
Q

where is the optic nerve formed from in the extracranial? and function?

A

retinal ganglion cells

receive impulses from the photoreceptors fo the eye

38
Q

pathway of extracranial

A

the nerve leaves into the optic canal and through the sphenoid bone, and along the surface of the middle cranial fossa

39
Q

what does optic nerves forms into in the intracranial

A

optic chiasm

40
Q

What fibres do the left optic tract contain?

A

Contain
- left temporal (lateral) retina

  • right nasal (medial) retina
41
Q

What fibres do the right optic tract contain?

A
  • right temporal retina
  • left nasal retina
42
Q

Where will the optic tract travel to, which locates in the thalamus?

A

lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

43
Q

How do our eyes see stuff? Evaluate the overview of the visual pathway.

A

signal of the vision travel to the optic disc
v
travels through the optic nerve and to the optic chiasm
v
then travels to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) through the optic tract
v
Finally travel to the Primary visual cortex by the topic radiation

3yr year anatomy (4 decks)

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