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3yr year anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what does the pelvic girdle consists of?

A
  • hip bones
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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2
Q

what are the 3 component that are make up for the 3 hip bone?

A

ilium

pubis

ischium

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3
Q

what is the function of lower limb and what it consist of?

A

support body weight and contain 30 bones

  • Femoral (thigh)
  • Crural (leg)
  • Foot (7tarsal, 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges in the toes)
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4
Q

states the labels in the diagram (proximal aspect of the femur)

A

green - greater trochanter

yellow - neck

red - head

line - intertrochanteric line

blue - lesser trochanter

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5
Q

what articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint?

A

medial and lateral condyles

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6
Q

what are the component that are exists in the knee ligaments?
(*ekram know some of these…sm to do with his knee)

A

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Lateral meniscus (LM)
Medial meniscus (MM)

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7
Q

what are the tendon that connects to the patella?

A

Quadriceps tendon
&
Patellar ligaments

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8
Q

Tibia is the minor bone of the lower leg and fibula is the major bone.

True or False?

A

FALSE

Fibula is the minor bone of the lower leg and Tibia is the major bone.

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9
Q

what is the bony projection that articulates with the tarsal bones to form part of the ankle joint?

A

medial malleolus

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10
Q

what are the main articulations in fibula?

A
  • proximal tibiofibular joint
  • articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia
  • Distal tibiofibular joint
  • articulates with the fibular notch of the tibia
  • ankle joint
  • articulates with the talus bone of the foot
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11
Q

what are the 2 main way for the lateral malleolus of the fibula to fracture?

A

forced external rotation
- force of the talus against the bone causes a spiral fracture of the lateral malleolus

foot being twisted outwards (eversion)
pressure of the talus against the lateral malleolus in a transverse fracture

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12
Q

state the label of the following

A

blue - tarsals

red - metatarsals

green - phalanges

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13
Q

state the label of the feet part 2

A

purple - calcaneus

yellow - talus

blue - navicular

green - cuboid

red - cuneiforms

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14
Q

states the letters in the feet

A

a) navicular

b) Medial. cuneiform

c) intermediate. cuneiform

d) lateral. cuneiform

e) cuboid

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15
Q

where does femoral head attach to the hip?

A

acetabulum
&
acetabular labrum

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16
Q

what ligament helps to stabilise the hip joint

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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17
Q

what are movement that the hip are capable of doing?

A

extension
flexion
abduction
adduction
medial rotation
lateral rotation

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18
Q

where is the gluteal region located

A

posteriorly to the pelvic girdle

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19
Q

what are the 2 group of muscle in the gluteal region

A

superficial abductor and extenders

deep lateral rotators

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20
Q

what is tensor fascia lata and what does it do?

A

muscle that located posterior from the iliotibal band

acts as flexor abductor and internal rotator of the hip

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21
Q

what are the compartment of the thigh

A

anterior compartment
posterior compartment
medial compartment

22
Q

what are the 3 major muscle in the anterior thigh

A

pectineus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris

23
Q

state the muscles in the thigh

A

yellow - rectus femoris

red - vastus medialis

blue - vastus lateralis

purple - sartorius

orange - pectineus

24
Q

describe iliopsoas

A

2 types:

  • psoas major
  • T12-L4
  • iliacus
  • iliac fossa

insertion and major flexor of the hip

25
Q

what does quadriceps femoris consist of ?

A

vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius (right)
rectus femoris (left)

26
Q

describe features of sartorius

A

longest muscle in the body

attaches from the anterior superior iliac spine to the superior medial surface of the tibia

flexor
abductor
lateral rotator
also help flexor at the knee joint

27
Q

states the muscles at the thigh

A

1) rectus femoris
2) sartorius
3) medial hip adductor muscles
4) posterior knee flexor muscles
5) vastus muscles

28
Q

describe features of pectineus

A

flat muscle forms the base of the femoral triangle

attach from the pectineal line of pubis to the anterior surface of the pelvis

help adduction and flexion at the hip joint

29
Q

What are the 5 muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh and what is the major action?

A

gracilis
obturator externus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus

hip adductors
and innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4)

30
Q

describe gracilis including attachements and actions

A

most superficial and medial of the muscle

attachment: attached from the pubis to the medial surface of the tibia

actions: adduction of the thigh

31
Q

state the muscle in the mid thigh

A

top to bottom

  • obturator externus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
32
Q

what are the compartment of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

aka hamstrings
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus

33
Q

features and function of the posterior thigh

A

extend at the hip and flex at the knee
- innervated by the sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

34
Q

what are the 3 compartments in the muscle of the leg?

A

anterior
lateral
posterior compartments

35
Q

what are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus

36
Q

function of the anterior compartment of leg

A
  • dorsiflex and invert the foot at the ankle joint
37
Q

what are the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

38
Q

what is the function of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

eversion - turning the sole of the foot outwards

39
Q

state the muscles of the leg

A

1) fibulari longus
2) fibularis brevis
3) extensor digitorum longus
4) extensor hallucis longus
5) tibialis anterior
6*) lateral malleolus

40
Q

features of posterior compartment of leg and its function?

A

contains 7 muscles that organised into 2 layers:
- superficial
- deep

Function –> plantarflexion and inversion of the foot

41
Q

what are the muscles in the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of leg?

A

gastrocnemius
plantaris
soleus

42
Q

where will the muscles in the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of leg attached to?

A

they all will end up in the calcaneal tendon/achilles tendon

43
Q

what are the muscles in the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of leg?

A

Popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

44
Q

what are the function of the muscles in the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of leg

A

1 muscle –> poplitus acts only on knee joint (walking)
rest of them responsible on the ankle and foot in plantar flexion and inversion

45
Q

what are the most important nerves in the lumbar plexus?

A

femoral nerve and obturator nerve

46
Q

features of the femoral nerve

A

derives from L2, 3 & 4

leave under the inguinal ligament to enter the anterior compartment of the thigh

  • innervates all muscles in the anterior compartment

basically responsible for all of the front and part of medial side of the leg and foot

47
Q

most important sacral plexus

A

superior gluteal nerve

inferior gluteal nerve

sciatic nerve

48
Q

what does inferior gluteal nerve innervates and derives from?

A

derives from L5, S1, S2

support your ass (gluteus maximus)

49
Q

what does superior gluteal nerve innervates and derives from?

A

L4, L5, S1

gluteus minimus
medius and tensor fiscia lata

50
Q

what does sciatic nerve innervates and derives from?

A

2 parts:

Tibial portion
- innervates muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh
- all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg and foot

Fibular portion
- head of biceps femoris
- all muscles in the anterior and lateral compartent of the leg and extensor digitorum bevis

**basically **
> all the posterior compartment of the thigh
> all muscles of the leg and foot

3yr year anatomy (4 decks)

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