Lower Limb Flashcards
what does the pelvic girdle consists of?
- hip bones
- sacrum
- coccyx
what are the 3 component that are make up for the 3 hip bone?
ilium
pubis
ischium
what is the function of lower limb and what it consist of?
support body weight and contain 30 bones
- Femoral (thigh)
- Crural (leg)
- Foot (7tarsal, 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges in the toes)
states the labels in the diagram (proximal aspect of the femur)
green - greater trochanter
yellow - neck
red - head
line - intertrochanteric line
blue - lesser trochanter
what articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint?
medial and lateral condyles
what are the component that are exists in the knee ligaments?
(*ekram know some of these…sm to do with his knee)
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Lateral meniscus (LM)
Medial meniscus (MM)
what are the tendon that connects to the patella?
Quadriceps tendon
&
Patellar ligaments
Tibia is the minor bone of the lower leg and fibula is the major bone.
True or False?
FALSE
Fibula is the minor bone of the lower leg and Tibia is the major bone.
what is the bony projection that articulates with the tarsal bones to form part of the ankle joint?
medial malleolus
what are the main articulations in fibula?
- proximal tibiofibular joint
- articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia
- Distal tibiofibular joint
- articulates with the fibular notch of the tibia
- ankle joint
- articulates with the talus bone of the foot
what are the 2 main way for the lateral malleolus of the fibula to fracture?
forced external rotation
- force of the talus against the bone causes a spiral fracture of the lateral malleolus
foot being twisted outwards (eversion)
pressure of the talus against the lateral malleolus in a transverse fracture
state the label of the following
blue - tarsals
red - metatarsals
green - phalanges
state the label of the feet part 2
purple - calcaneus
yellow - talus
blue - navicular
green - cuboid
red - cuneiforms
states the letters in the feet
a) navicular
b) Medial. cuneiform
c) intermediate. cuneiform
d) lateral. cuneiform
e) cuboid
where does femoral head attach to the hip?
acetabulum
&
acetabular labrum
what ligament helps to stabilise the hip joint
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
what are movement that the hip are capable of doing?
extension
flexion
abduction
adduction
medial rotation
lateral rotation
where is the gluteal region located
posteriorly to the pelvic girdle
what are the 2 group of muscle in the gluteal region
superficial abductor and extenders
deep lateral rotators
what is tensor fascia lata and what does it do?
muscle that located posterior from the iliotibal band
acts as flexor abductor and internal rotator of the hip
what are the compartment of the thigh
anterior compartment
posterior compartment
medial compartment
what are the 3 major muscle in the anterior thigh
pectineus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
state the muscles in the thigh
yellow - rectus femoris
red - vastus medialis
blue - vastus lateralis
purple - sartorius
orange - pectineus
describe iliopsoas
2 types:
- psoas major
- T12-L4
- iliacus
- iliac fossa
insertion and major flexor of the hip
what does quadriceps femoris consist of ?
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius (right)
rectus femoris (left)
describe features of sartorius
longest muscle in the body
attaches from the anterior superior iliac spine to the superior medial surface of the tibia
flexor
abductor
lateral rotator
also help flexor at the knee joint
states the muscles at the thigh
1) rectus femoris
2) sartorius
3) medial hip adductor muscles
4) posterior knee flexor muscles
5) vastus muscles
describe features of pectineus
flat muscle forms the base of the femoral triangle
attach from the pectineal line of pubis to the anterior surface of the pelvis
help adduction and flexion at the hip joint
What are the 5 muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh and what is the major action?
gracilis
obturator externus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
hip adductors
and innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4)
describe gracilis including attachements and actions
most superficial and medial of the muscle
attachment: attached from the pubis to the medial surface of the tibia
actions: adduction of the thigh
state the muscle in the mid thigh
top to bottom
- obturator externus
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus
what are the compartment of the posterior compartment of the thigh
aka hamstrings
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
features and function of the posterior thigh
extend at the hip and flex at the knee
- innervated by the sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
what are the 3 compartments in the muscle of the leg?
anterior
lateral
posterior compartments
what are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
function of the anterior compartment of leg
- dorsiflex and invert the foot at the ankle joint
what are the lateral compartment of the leg?
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
what is the function of the lateral compartment of the leg
eversion - turning the sole of the foot outwards
state the muscles of the leg
1) fibulari longus
2) fibularis brevis
3) extensor digitorum longus
4) extensor hallucis longus
5) tibialis anterior
6*) lateral malleolus
features of posterior compartment of leg and its function?
contains 7 muscles that organised into 2 layers:
- superficial
- deep
Function –> plantarflexion and inversion of the foot
what are the muscles in the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of leg?
gastrocnemius
plantaris
soleus
where will the muscles in the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of leg attached to?
they all will end up in the calcaneal tendon/achilles tendon
what are the muscles in the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of leg?
Popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
what are the function of the muscles in the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of leg
1 muscle –> poplitus acts only on knee joint (walking)
rest of them responsible on the ankle and foot in plantar flexion and inversion
what are the most important nerves in the lumbar plexus?
femoral nerve and obturator nerve
features of the femoral nerve
derives from L2, 3 & 4
leave under the inguinal ligament to enter the anterior compartment of the thigh
- innervates all muscles in the anterior compartment
basically responsible for all of the front and part of medial side of the leg and foot
most important sacral plexus
superior gluteal nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
sciatic nerve
what does inferior gluteal nerve innervates and derives from?
derives from L5, S1, S2
support your ass (gluteus maximus)
what does superior gluteal nerve innervates and derives from?
L4, L5, S1
gluteus minimus
medius and tensor fiscia lata
what does sciatic nerve innervates and derives from?
2 parts:
Tibial portion
- innervates muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh
- all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg and foot
Fibular portion
- head of biceps femoris
- all muscles in the anterior and lateral compartent of the leg and extensor digitorum bevis
**basically **
> all the posterior compartment of the thigh
> all muscles of the leg and foot
