The Vine & Vine Growth Cycle Flashcards
Define Photosynthesis
Process by which green plants use sunlight to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water
What are 4 sections of the structure of a vine
- One year old wood
- Permanent wood
- The roots
- The shoots
Is Pinot Noir clone 115 low or high yielding?
Low yield of small grapes
Is Pinot Noir clone 521 low or high yielding?
High yield of bigger grapes
What is it called when 2 parent grapes are from the same species?
Cross (Pinotage)
What is it called when the 2 parent grapes are different species?
Hybrid (Vidal Blanc)
What 5 things does a vine need?
- Adequate Water
- Sunlight
- Warmth (photosynthesis, respiration)
- Carbon Dioxide (photosynthesis)
- Nutrients
What 5 things does a vine need?
- Adequate Water
- Sunlight
- Warmth (photosynthesis, respiration)
- Carbon Dioxide (photosynthesis)
- Nutrients
When are vines dormant in the Northern and Southern hemisphere?
November to March in Northern Hemisphere
May to September in Southern Hemisphere
At what temperature do vines go dormant?
10°c and below
At which temperature can a vine be damaged by frost?
-20°c
Which temperature will kill most v.vinifera?
-25°c
When is budburst typically in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?
March to April in Northern Hemisphere
September to October in Southern Hemisphere
At which soil and air temperature will budburst begin?
Average temps above 10°c
Why are regions with high continentality good for budburst?
The rapidly increasing temperatures in Spring can mean a more even budburst
What does ‘early budding’ mean?
Grape variety that starts budburst at lower temp than others
What are 2 examples of early budding varieties?
- Chardonnay
- Pinot Noir
Name 2 late budding grape varieties
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Syrah
When does shoot & leaf growth happen in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?
March to July in Northern Hemisphere
September to January in Southern Hemisphere
When does flowering & fruit set happen in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere?
May to June in Northern Hemisphere
November to December in Southern Hemisphere
What is a compound bud?
It is a bud that forms in one growing season and breaks open in the next growing season.
They are made up of a primary bud and smaller secondary & buds.
What is a prompt bud?
A bud that forms on the compound bud and breaks open in the same growing season. They produce lateral shoots
What are the 5 components of a grape?
- Pulp
- Skin
- Seeds
- Bloom
- Stem
What is a teinturier variety?
A grape variety with red coloured pulp
What does a grape’s pulp contain?
Water, sugars, acids and aromas
What is one year old wood?
The shoots from previous growing season that were not removed at pruning.
Will be either a cane or a spur depending on pruning.
What is permanent wood?
Woody parts of the vine that are older than one year old including the trunk.
Some vines have one or more horizontal arms of permanent wood, called cordons
When does flowering typically take place?
8 weeks after budburst
Describe Coloure
A condition in which fruit set has failed for a high proportion of flowers.
It occurs when ovule fertilisation is unsuccessful and therefore no grape develops
What is the cause of Coloure?
Coloure is caused by an imbalance in carbohydrate levels.
It can result from low rates of photosynthesis or vigorous shoot growth
Describe Millerandage
A condition of the grape bunch where there is a high proportion of seedless grapes
When does Grape Development happen in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?
June to September in the Northern Hemisphere.
December to March in the Southern Hemisphere
Why are sandy soils better for budburst in cooler climates?
Dry, free draining spils warm up quicker - so they are better in cooler climates where an earlier start to budburst improves chances of ripening
Name two early ripening grapes
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Name two late ripening grapes
Cabernet Sauvignon
Grenache
