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WSET Level 4 - D1 Wine Production > The Growing Environment > Flashcards

The Growing Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

What degrees of latitude to grapes grow between generally?

A

30° and 50° either side of the equator

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2
Q

Why do large bodies of water impact nearby vineyards?

A

Water heats up and cools down more slowly than dry land
The warmth of the body of water keeps the local area warmer
Cooler summers, milder winters

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3
Q

What can affect vineyard temperatures in coastal regions?

A

Ocean currents

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4
Q

What causes El Niño?

A

When warm water in the pacific moves east along the equator towards the Carribean, the Eastern Pacific becomes warmer than average

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5
Q

What happens in El Niño?

A

High levels of rainfall & risk of hurricanes i California and South America
Warmer temps & drier conditions to Washington & Oregon
Brings warmer temps & drought conditions to western side of Pacific (Australia)

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6
Q

What causes La Niña?

A

When the eastern Pacific is cooler than average

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7
Q

What is the effect of La Niña?

A

Drier, warmer conditions in California & South America
Cooler, wetter conditions in Washington & Oregon
Cooler, wetter conditions in western side of Pacific (Australia)

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8
Q

What is the Zonda in Mendoza?

A

A warm air

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9
Q

What does a wind that has travelled over hot land masses bring?

A

Warm air

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10
Q

Why may you plant trees around a vineyard?

A

To protect from damaging winds

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11
Q

Why would sandy soils be adventageous in a cool climate area?

A

Sandy soils are free draining and therefore heat up quicker than damp soils
Rising soil temperatures stimulate budburst and growth

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12
Q

Why would light coloured soils be beneficial in cool & cloudy climates?

A

They reflect some energy from solar radiation, helping to increase photosynthesis & grale ripening in late ripening varieties

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13
Q

What is dense mist?

A

Fog

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14
Q

How might regular mist & fog be beneficial to a vineyard in a warm area

A

It can slow down sugar accumulation and acid degredation

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15
Q

What is a diurnal range?

A

The difference between daytime & nighttime temperatures

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16
Q

Why would a high diurnal range be favourable in a warm or hot climate area?

A

Cool nighttime temperatures can slow acid respiration
Can be beneficial for anthocyanin formation

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17
Q

Why would a low diurnal range be favourable in cool or moderate climates?

A

Nighttime temperatures still allow ripening

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18
Q

How much water does a vine need per year in a cool and warm region?

A

Cool - 500mm
Warm - 750mm

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19
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Transpiration is when water vapour diffuses out of the stomata on the underside of the leaves. This loss of water causes water to be pulled upwards from the soil, through the roots and the above ground parts of the vine.

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20
Q

Why are waterlogged soils harmful to the vine?

A

They reduce oxygen availability to the roots

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21
Q

What is special about Albariza soil?

A

Albariza soil in Jerez has good water retention which releases slowly. It also forms a crust which reduces evaporation

22
Q

Why would a sloped vineyard be beneficial in a rainy area?

A

The water will run off and less will be absorbed by the soil

23
Q

What is evapotranspiration rate?

A

The amount of transpiration from the vine combined with the evaporation of water from the soils surface

24
Q

What effect does Nitrogen have on a vine?

A

It is a component of proteins and chlorophyll

25
Q

What will happen to a vine with a lack of Nitrogen?

A

Reduced vigour and yellowing leaves

26
Q

What is loam?

A

Soil type with moderate proportions of clay, sand and silt. May also have some larger rock fragments

27
Q

What is soil structure?

A

It describes how the mineral particles in the soil crumbs (aggregates)

28
Q

What is humus?

A

Organic matter in the soil formed by partial decomposition of plant + animal matter. Helps to bind soil together

29
Q

How are Growing Degrees Days calculated?

A

Subtract 10 from the mean temp of a month in the growing season.
Multiply this by the number of days in that month.
Make the same calculation for each month of growing season and add together to get GDD

30
Q

How many bands are there in the GDD model?

A

5 bands - Winkler zone I to V

31
Q

What does MJT stand for?

A

Mean January/July Temperature

32
Q

How are temperatures split up in MJT?

A

Into 6 bands to aid description from cold to very hot

33
Q

How is Growing Season Temperature calculated?

A

Uses the mean temperature of the whole growing season and then grouped into climatic bands from cold to hot

34
Q

Describe a Maritime climate

A

Low annual differences between summer and winter temperatures
Rainfall relatively evenly spread throughout the whole year

35
Q

Describe a Mediterranean climate

A

Low annual differences between summer and winter temperatures
Annual rainfall tends to fall in winter months, giving dry summers

36
Q

Describe a Continental climate

A

More extreme differences between summer and winter temperatures
Often have short summers and cold winters with temperatures rapidly changing in spring + autumn

37
Q

What is a cool climate?

A

Average GST of 16.5°C

38
Q

What is a Moderate climate?

A

Average GST of 16.5°C to 18.5°C

39
Q

What is a warm climate?

A

Average GST of 18.5°C to 21°C

40
Q

What is a hot climate?

A

Average GST of over 21°C

41
Q

What is continentality?

A

The measure of the difference between annual mean temperatures of the hottest and coldest months

42
Q

What kind of regions have high continentality?

A

Regions that are far inland or protected from ocean influences

43
Q

What is weather?

A

The annual variation that happens relative to the climatic average

44
Q

What are the key features of Organic Viticulture?

A

Compost
Natural Fertilisers
Cover Crops
Reduction of Monoculture

45
Q

Which rootstocks are tolerant of root-knot nematodes?

A

Ramsey and Dog Ridge (both vitis-champini)

46
Q

What rootstocks are tolerant of water logged soil?

A

Rootstocks based on V.riparia

47
Q

What rootstock is tolerant of soils with higher salt levels?

A

V.berlandieri (1103P)

48
Q

What rootstocks are a hybrid of V.rupestris and V.berlandieri?

A

110R and 140R

49
Q

Which rootstocks have a high tolerance to acidic soils?

A

99R +110R (Rupestris + Berlandieri hybrid)

50
Q

Which rootstocks can be tolerant of soils with high lime content (high pH)?

A

41B (Berlandieri)

51
Q

What are some low vigour rootstocks?

A

420A + 3309C (Riparia)

52
Q

What is a high vigour rootstock?

A

140R (Rupestris)

WSET Level 4 - D1 Wine Production (4 decks)

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