The Vine

Question 1

Which species is the main rootstock used to graft vines onto?

Answer 1

Vitis vinifera

Question 2

Most important North American species are? (four)

Answer 2

Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis berlandieri and Vitis rupestris

Question 3

Four sections of vine structure?

Answer 3

The main shoots, one-year-old wood, permanent wood and the roots

Question 4

The main shoots and all of their major structures are collectively called the canopy. (6)

Answer 4

Stem, buds, leaves, lateral shoots, tendrils and inflorescences/grape bunches

Question 5

Which bud forms in one growing season and break open in the next growing season (provided they are retained during winter pruning)? They produce the main shoots in the next growing season.

Answer 5

Compound buds (also called latent buds)

Question 6

Which bud forms and breaks open in the same growing season. They form on the main shoot (that has just grown from a compound bud) and produce lateral shoots.

Answer 6

Prompt buds

Question 7

What is the process by which green plants use sunlight to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water?

Answer 7

Photosynthesis

Question 8

What is a second crop?

Answer 8

Lateral shoots often produce inflorescences

Question 9

What is green harvesting/Summer pruning?

Answer 9

Removing excess leaves or second crops during the summer to allow more even ripening of grapes.

Question 10

What is transpiration?

Answer 10

As water diffuses from the leaf, a process called transpiration draws water and nutrients from the soil up through the vine to the leaves.

Question 11

What is the name of the pores on the underside of a leaf?

Answer 11

Stomata

Question 12

Generally, how many inflorescences grow on each main shoot?

Answer 12

Between one and three (depending on grape variety)

Question 13

Name for the waxy/powdery coating on the skin of a grape?

Answer 13

Bloom

Question 14

The pulp contains? (5)

Answer 14

Water, sugars, acids and some aroma compounds and aroma precursors

Question 15

What is uncommon about teinturier grape varieties?

Answer 15

The pulp of the berry is also red in colour due to anthocyanins formed in both the skin and pulp.

Question 16

What does the skin of a grape contain? (4)

Answer 16

A high concentration of aroma compounds and aroma precursors, tannins and colour compounds.

Question 17

What do seeds contain? (3)

Answer 17

Seeds contain oils, tannins and the embryo, which can grow into a new plant.

Question 18

What is cutting propagation and what are the benefits?

Answer 18

Using vines cuttings to graft onto a rootstock to further vineyard growth. Can be kept safe from disease.

Question 19

What is layering propgation? What are the risks?

Answer 19

Used to fill gaps in a vineyard (ex. vine death) by taking a cane from an existing vine and burying it. Once it has established roots, ties are cut. Cannot be grafted and can potential for disease.

Question 20

True or false.Seeds used to grow new vines are genetically identical to their parents?

Answer 20

False. They may share similarities, but are not identical and can be unpredictable.

Question 21

What are clones?

Answer 21

Cuttings from particular vines used to propagate vineyards through clonal selection.

Question 22

Name three examples of mutation that created entirely new grape varieties from Pinot Noir.

Answer 22

Pinot Meunier, Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris.

Question 23

Why would a grape-grower plant different clones of a particular vine?

Answer 23

To add diversity in the vineyard for both resistance to disease and possibly complexity of the wine.

Question 24

What is Selection Massale?

Answer 24

Mass selection. Selecting well-to-do vines after several years of monitoring to use as cuttings instead of clonal selection from a nursery.

Question 25

What is cross fertilisation?

Answer 25

Taking the stamen of one vine and putting it into the stigma of another vine to cross fertilise.

Question 26

What is respiration?

Answer 26

The process in which energy is released from food substances, in this case, sugar.

Question 27

7 Stages of Vine growth cycle?

Answer 27

Dormancy 
Budburst
Shoot and leaf growth
Flowering and fruit set
Grape development
Harvest
Leaf fall to dormancy