The Vine Flashcards
Which species is the main rootstock used to graft vines onto?
Vitis vinifera
Most important North American species are? (four)
Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis berlandieri and Vitis rupestris
Four sections of vine structure?
The main shoots, one-year-old wood, permanent wood and the roots
The main shoots and all of their major structures are collectively called the canopy. (6)
Stem, buds, leaves, lateral shoots, tendrils and inflorescences/grape bunches
Which bud forms in one growing season and break open in the next growing season (provided they are retained during winter pruning)? They produce the main shoots in the next growing season.
Compound buds (also called latent buds)
Which bud forms and breaks open in the same growing season. They form on the main shoot (that has just grown from a compound bud) and produce lateral shoots.
Prompt buds
What is the process by which green plants use sunlight to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water?
Photosynthesis
What is a second crop?
Lateral shoots often produce inflorescences
What is green harvesting/Summer pruning?
Removing excess leaves or second crops during the summer to allow more even ripening of grapes.
What is transpiration?
As water diffuses from the leaf, a process called transpiration draws water and nutrients from the soil up through the vine to the leaves.
What is the name of the pores on the underside of a leaf?
Stomata
Generally, how many inflorescences grow on each main shoot?
Between one and three (depending on grape variety)
Name for the waxy/powdery coating on the skin of a grape?
Bloom
The pulp contains? (5)
Water, sugars, acids and some aroma compounds and aroma precursors
What is uncommon about teinturier grape varieties?
The pulp of the berry is also red in colour due to anthocyanins formed in both the skin and pulp.
What does the skin of a grape contain? (4)
A high concentration of aroma compounds and aroma precursors, tannins and colour compounds.
What do seeds contain? (3)
Seeds contain oils, tannins and the embryo, which can grow into a new plant.
What is cutting propagation and what are the benefits?
Using vines cuttings to graft onto a rootstock to further vineyard growth. Can be kept safe from disease.
What is layering propgation? What are the risks?
Used to fill gaps in a vineyard (ex. vine death) by taking a cane from an existing vine and burying it. Once it has established roots, ties are cut. Cannot be grafted and can potential for disease.
True or false.Seeds used to grow new vines are genetically identical to their parents?
False. They may share similarities, but are not identical and can be unpredictable.
What are clones?
Cuttings from particular vines used to propagate vineyards through clonal selection.
Name three examples of mutation that created entirely new grape varieties from Pinot Noir.
Pinot Meunier, Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris.
Why would a grape-grower plant different clones of a particular vine?
To add diversity in the vineyard for both resistance to disease and possibly complexity of the wine.
What is Selection Massale?
Mass selection. Selecting well-to-do vines after several years of monitoring to use as cuttings instead of clonal selection from a nursery.
What is cross fertilisation?
Taking the stamen of one vine and putting it into the stigma of another vine to cross fertilise.
What is respiration?
The process in which energy is released from food substances, in this case, sugar.
7 Stages of Vine growth cycle?
Dormancy Budburst Shoot and leaf growth Flowering and fruit set Grape development Harvest Leaf fall to dormancy
