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WSET D1 Complementary > The Vine > Flashcards

The Vine Flashcards

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1
Q

Which is the main function of the non-Vinifera vine species?

A

Rootstocks to graft Vitis vinifera

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2
Q

Where do come from the shoots of the vine that grow in spring?

A

From buds retained on the previous year

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3
Q

Which are the major structures a vine plant can be divided?

A

Leaves
buds
tendrils
lateral shoots
inflorescences

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4
Q

What does transport the main axes of the vine?

A

Water
Solutes : substances that dissolve in a liquid to form a solution, in this instance sugars and minerals

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5
Q

As the roots, is the main axis also a reserve of carbohydrates?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What is a cane?

A

A lignified shoot that becomes woody, raid and brown

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7
Q

Where does a bud form?

A

Between the lead stalks or petiole and the stem.

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8
Q

Name the parts of a leaf

A

Stem (of the plant)
Petiole
Midrib
Veins
Venules
Blade

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9
Q

Which are the main types of buds?

A

. Compounds buds
. Prompt buds

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10
Q

What are the compound buds?

A

Also called latent buds.
form in one season and break open (produce shoots) in the next one.
They have typically secondary and tertiary buds (they activate in case of damage of the primary one)

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11
Q

What are the Prompt Buds?

A

They form on the primary shoot (on the same growing season) and produce lateral shoots

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12
Q

Describe lateral shoots
. When do they grow
. Size compared to the compounds ones
. Function
. Is there any growing location that can be problem for the plant
. When is it removed?

A

. The grow in the current year from prompt buds.
. Smaller and thinner than the primary ones
. Allow to the plant to carry on growing in the case of damage of the main shoot
. Yes, if the lateral shoot grows close to the base of the main shoot it can impede air flow and give shadow to the plant.
. At time of the green harvest

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13
Q

Can lateral shoots produce inflorescences? How are they known?
What variety uses to produce lateral shoots?

A

Yes. They are known as second crop
Pinot Noir

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14
Q

Since lateral shoots produce inflorescences that become bunches later than the ones at the mains shoots, how will the bunches of the lateral shoots be in terms of acidity, sugar content, tannins and aromas/flavbours?

A

They will be higher in acidity, lower in sugar, unripe tannins and aromas/flavours

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15
Q

What is the lateral shoot management at the moment of the harvest?

A

IN the manual harvest it can be managed and they will not have impact on the must.
In the mechanical harvesting is more complicated since it will affect the must

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16
Q

Which are the functions of the tendrils?

A

To attach the vine to other plants or trees.
Wine growers use trellis systems to positionate the canopy

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17
Q

Which is the main plant function that occurs on the leaf?

A

Photosynthesis. Water + CO2 + Sunlight produce Sugar + O2 + Water (transpiration)

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18
Q

Where are located the stomata?

A

Underside of the leaves

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19
Q

What is an inflorescence?

A

A cluster of flowers on a stem.

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20
Q

How many inflorescences can a shoot have typically?

A

Between one and three

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21
Q

What is a bunch of grapes?

A

Is a fertilised inflorescence

22
Q

Will all the flowers into an inflorescence become grape?

A

No.

23
Q

What is a grape?
Which are their main components?

A

A type of berry
Pulp, skin and seeds

24
Q

What does the pulp contain?
What is it colour?
What is the exception?

A

Water, sugars, acids, and some aroma precursors and compounds.
Usually is colorless.
The exception are the tenturier varieties like Alicante Bouschet.

25
Q

What does the skin of the grapes contain?

A

High concentrations of aroma compounds and precursors, tannins and colour compounds

26
Q

Where and how seeds mature?

A

Inside the grape
They turn from yellow to dark brown

27
Q

What does the seed contain?

A

Oils, tannins, and the embryo

28
Q

What is the bloom?

A

A powdery waxed coating

29
Q

How could we define the one-year-old wood?

A

The shoots from the previous growing season that were not removed at prunning

30
Q

The amount of one-year-old wood will depend of…?
Which two types of one-year-old wood can we have at the vine?

A

Pruning and training decisions made by the grape grower.
Canes or Spurs

31
Q

What is the the permanent wood?

A

The wood parts of the vine older than one year (including the truck)

32
Q

How do we call the horizontal arms of permanent wood?

A

Cordons

33
Q

What are the main functions of the roots?

A

. Anchoring the vine
. Uptake of water and nutrients
. Store carbohydrates
. Produce hormones

34
Q

In modern viticulture, how can the vines be propagated?

A

By CUTTINGS and LAYERING

35
Q

In modern viticulture, how can the vines be propagated?

A

By CUTTINGS and LAYERING

36
Q

What is a CUTTING?

A

A section of a wine shoot that can be planted and then grow as a new shoot

37
Q

What is a CUTTING?

A

A section of a wine shoot that can be planted and then grow as a new shoot

38
Q

What is the most common propagation technique?

A

CUTTINGS

39
Q

What is the solely propagation technique that permits to use rootstocks?
What does this propagation technique permits to the nurseries?

A

CUTTINGS
Nurseries will be able to to treat vine cuttings to avoid spread of diseases

40
Q

What is the layering technique?
In which cases could it be applied?
What is it main problem?

A

A cane is bent down, buried in the ground, it takes root and the linking is cut.
It is applied in cases where there is a gap in the vines row.
The plant grows on its own roots, so it will be not protected of phylloxera or a specific yield that certain rootstock choice can offer.

41
Q

Why the propagation through seeds is not common in viticulture?

A

Vines that grow from seeds should not be genetically identical to the parents vine.

42
Q

How will the vines obtained by cutting and layering be respect to their parents?

A

Genetically indentical

43
Q

What is the base of the clonal selection?

A

Even when the new vines obtained but cutting and layering are identical to their parents, at the time of cell division during the plant grow there is always a risk of random mutations in the genetic chain.

Most of them have no effect but sometimes they will produce a new vine with slight differences with the parental plant (smaller grapes, thicker skins).

New plants with favorable characteristics will be selected by nurseries or vine growers to grow new vines.

44
Q

We can state that plants of the same clone have the same ______________ as each other and are. __________ different from the vines of _______________ clone

A

Characteristics
Slightly
Different

45
Q

Describe two Pinot Noir Cloned and its dfferences

A

Pinot Noir Clone 115: low yields, small grapes. High quality red wine production

Pinot Noir Clone 521 : higher yields, low concentration of tannins and colour suitable for sparkling production

46
Q

What does happen when a mutation is too much significant?
Examples

A

It can be classified as a new variety as Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier, Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris

47
Q

Which is the reason why a vine grower should buy clones from a nursery?
How many clones do the nurseries offer?

A

. They will typically offer clones free of viruses
. Nurseries offer a limited number of clones

48
Q

Which is the reason why a vine grower should buy clones from a nursery?
How many clones do the nurseries offer?

A

. They will typically offer clones free of viruses
. Nurseries offer a limited number of clones

49
Q

Which are the advantages and disadvantages of the limited clone offer by the nurseries?

A

. Advantage: if all vines grow in a similar way and ripen at the same time the management of the vineyard becomes simpler

. Disadvantage: less diversity in the fruit, less complexity and balance. More susceptible to equal disease.

50
Q

Clonal selection is a technique that become common in the last 40 - 50 years.

Which is the technique of vine selection that used to be common before?

Describe it

A

. Mass selection or Séléction Massale

. It require the vineyard owners to take cuttings from the best performing vines (after monitoring observing yieldings and quality) in their own vineyard ant propagate them by cuttings or send them to a nursery to produce rootstocks. This previous monitoring can be expensive in terms of time and labour. And risky if a disease is transmitted from parents to siblings.

51
Q

Which is the way that a new grape variety is created?
How is the process?
OIV registration
Examples
2 parents of the same species
2 parents of different species
Sample of cross fertilization in the wild (Cabernet Sauvignon case)
Laboratory research do not reach the desired results : Muller Thurgau case
Aim of the search of hybrids

A

It will be produced by seeds.

Pollen from the stamens of the flowers of a vine are transferred to the stigmas of the flowers of another vine and fertilization occurs.

Grapes developed from this fertilization are planted and a new plant grow, a plant that will have different characteristics than the parents.

If one of these new vines have desirable characteristics it will be propagated by cuttings to create identical vines. Its performance will be assessed over a long period. It the good characteristics endure, if is value to make this new variety commercially it will have to be registered on the OIV catalogue

Cross : 2 parents of the same species (e.g. Pinot Noir and Cinsult) PINOTAGE
Hybrid 2 parents of different species (e.g. Vidal blanc and a member of Seibel Family) VIDAL BLANC

In the wild, Cabernet tSauvignon formed by crossing of Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc.

In the case of the cross in laboratory of the Riesling and the Madeleine Royale, they lok for the high yieldings of the Madelaine and the quality of the Riesling, but the Muller Thurgau has not the expected quality.

The aim for hybrids was to combine the quality of the Vits vinifera with the resistance to pests, diseases and extreme conditions.

New grapes varieties creation has resistance from the consumers

WSET D1 Complementary (2 decks)

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