2. The Vine Growth Cycle

Question 1

Northern Hemisphere Dormancy months

Answer 1

November to March

Question 2

Northern Hemisphere **Budburst ** months

Answer 2

February to end of April

Question 3

Northern Hemisphere Shoot and leaf growth months

Answer 3

February to end of July

Question 4

Northern Hemisphere **Flowering and fruit set ** months

Answer 4

May to June

Question 5

Northern Hemisphere Grape development months

Answer 5

June to October

Question 6

Northern Hemisphere Harvest months

Answer 6

September to October

Question 7

Southern Hemisphere Dormancy months

Answer 7

May to September

Question 8

Southern Hemisphere Busburst months

Answer 8

August to October

Question 9

Southern Hemisphere Shoot and Leaf Growth months

Answer 9

August to January

Question 10

Southern Hemisphere Flowering and fruit set months

Answer 10

November to December

Question 11

Southern Hemisphere Grape Development months

Answer 11

December to April

Question 12

Southern Hemisphere **harvest ** months

Answer 12

March and April

Question 13

What is the aim of the wine grower?
How does he manipulate the vine ?

Answer 13

To produce the largest as possible crop with the suitable ripeness and quality of the grape to the style of wine desired.

Adequating the ripeness of sugars, acids, tannins and aromas/flavours according too the desired style of wine.

Providing it with the adequate water, sunlight and warmth for photosynthesis, all variables that can be manipulated with the exception of the Carbon Dioxide levels required for photosynthesis.

Question 14

What is the aim of the vine plant?

Answer 14

To compete with other plants climbing up the woodland, reach the sunshine and produce the more attractive and palatable grapes as possible in order they could be eaten by the birds and disseminate its seeds.

All these actions with limited resources: water, sunlight and warmth for photosynthesis

Question 15

Why warmths is important for which other essential reaction?

Answer 15

The respiration

Question 16

What is the respiration?

Answer 16

The process in which energy is released from food substances, in this case, sugar.

Question 17

Dormancy
Environmental first requirement
Adverse conditions

Answer 17

Temperatures below the 10 C
. Extremely cold temperatures
. Unusually mild temperatures

Question 18

When does typically the dormancy starts?
Until it has grown new leaves, how does the vine sustains itself?

Answer 18

. At the leaves fall
. By using stores of carbohydrates (mostly starch) accumulated during the previous growing season in roots, trunks and branches.

Question 19

What does happen with the vines at extremely low temperatures? Name some cases.

Answer 19

These temperatures can be found in Canada, New York State and Chine, where then-erasure can go down the - 20 C. Beyond the -25 C most of Vitis viniera will die.

Question 20

What is the budburst?

Answer 20

Also called budbreak us the process where the buds swell and open emerging green shoots

Question 21

Budburst
What does the vine need to start the bud burst?
Which are the adverse conditions that it can face?

Answer 21

. Average air and soil temperature above the 10 C
. Frost and cold soils

Question 22

Which are the factors that can condition the budburst?

Answer 22

. Air temperature
. Soil temperature
. Grape variety
. Human factors

Question 23

Air temperature as a condition to budburst
When do the compound buds form and begin to develop?
Which are the temperature requirements for budburst?

Answer 23

. In the previous growing season
. Average air temperature overt the 10 C

Question 24

Air temperature as a condition to budburst
Which are the climatic regions that can be advantageous for the budburst and why?
Which are the positive consequences of an uniform budburst?
Which the last advantageous?

Answer 24

. Those regions with continental climate and marked differences in temperature between seasons. In these regions the rapidly increases of the temperature means the bus burst can be relatively uniform.
. Homogeneity in the later stages in the growing season, leading to a crop of grapes with even ripeness
. Those with less contrast between winter and spring temperature. Unusually mild days can promote early bud burst. Cold and frosty days can harm the buds.

Question 25

Soil temperature as a condition to budburst
Which soils will warm up more quickly and then encourage budburst?
Which the opposite?

Answer 25

Dry, free draining ones, and sandy soils.
Clay rich soils, specially in cool climates

Question 26

Grape variety as a condition to budburst
Which is the average temperature for bud burst?
Give two examples of grape varieties around that figure.
Examples of early budding varieties

Answer 26

10C
Merlot slightly lower
Ugni blanc slightly over
Early budding: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Merlot and Grenache
Late budding Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah

Question 27

Human factor as a condition to budburst
How can it influence ?

Answer 27

Some practices as delay the winter pruning could lead to a late bud burst in order to avoid spring frosts

Question 28

When does. the Shoot and Leaf Growthoccurs?
What does the vine needs at the stage?
Whic could be considered as adverse conditions for this stage?

Answer 28

Northern hemisphere: March - July
Southern Hemisphere : September - January
What does it need?
. Stored carbohydrates
. Warmth, Sunlight, nutrients and water
Adverse conditions
. Low carbohydrates levels (bad conditions in the previous growing season)
. Water stress

Question 29

When does the fastest rate of growth occur?
Is it uniform?

Answer 29

Between bud burst and flowering
No. The speed of shoot growth can vary between vines and also within different part of the same vine.

Question 30

How can be considered a plant with growths long shoots, large leaves and lots of lateral shoots?
The vigor of the plant will depend upon which factors ?

Answer 30

A vigorous vine

Will depend upon:
. Temperature
. Water
. Nutrients
. Diseases

Question 31

Which element will support the initial shoot growth?

Answer 31

Carbohydrates

Question 32

Which grape growing choice is closely related to the plant vigour?

Answer 32

The green pruning