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WSET D1 Complementary > 2. The Vine Growth Cycle > Flashcards

2. The Vine Growth Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

Northern Hemisphere Dormancy months

A

November to March

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2
Q

Northern Hemisphere Budburst months

A

February to end of April

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3
Q

Northern Hemisphere Shoot and leaf growth months

A

February to end of July

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4
Q

Northern Hemisphere Flowering and fruit set months

A

May to June

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5
Q

Northern Hemisphere Grape development months

A

June to October

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6
Q

Northern Hemisphere Harvest months

A

September to October

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7
Q

Southern Hemisphere Dormancy months

A

May to September

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8
Q

Southern Hemisphere Busburst months

A

August to October

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9
Q

Southern Hemisphere Shoot and Leaf Growth months

A

August to January

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10
Q

Southern Hemisphere Flowering and fruit set months

A

November to December

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11
Q

Southern Hemisphere Grape Development months

A

December to April

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12
Q

Southern Hemisphere **harvest ** months

A

March and April

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13
Q

What is the aim of the wine grower?
How does he manipulate the vine ?

A

To produce the largest as possible crop with the suitable ripeness and quality of the grape to the style of wine desired.

Adequating the ripeness of sugars, acids, tannins and aromas/flavours according too the desired style of wine.

Providing it with the adequate water, sunlight and warmth for photosynthesis, all variables that can be manipulated with the exception of the Carbon Dioxide levels required for photosynthesis.

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14
Q

What is the aim of the vine plant?

A

To compete with other plants climbing up the woodland, reach the sunshine and produce the more attractive and palatable grapes as possible in order they could be eaten by the birds and disseminate its seeds.

All these actions with limited resources: water, sunlight and warmth for photosynthesis

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15
Q

Why warmths is important for which other essential reaction?

A

The respiration

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16
Q

What is the respiration?

A

The process in which energy is released from food substances, in this case, sugar.

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17
Q

Dormancy
Environmental first requirement
Adverse conditions

A

Temperatures below the 10 C
. Extremely cold temperatures
. Unusually mild temperatures

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18
Q

When does typically the dormancy starts?
Until it has grown new leaves, how does the vine sustains itself?

A

. At the leaves fall
. By using stores of carbohydrates (mostly starch) accumulated during the previous growing season in roots, trunks and branches.

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19
Q

What does happen with the vines at extremely low temperatures? Name some cases.

A

These temperatures can be found in Canada, New York State and Chine, where then-erasure can go down the - 20 C. Beyond the -25 C most of Vitis viniera will die.

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20
Q

What is the budburst?

A

Also called budbreak us the process where the buds swell and open emerging green shoots

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21
Q

Budburst
What does the vine need to start the bud burst?
Which are the adverse conditions that it can face?

A

. Average air and soil temperature above the 10 C
. Frost and cold soils

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22
Q

Which are the factors that can condition the budburst?

A

. Air temperature
. Soil temperature
. Grape variety
. Human factors

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23
Q

Air temperature as a condition to budburst
When do the compound buds form and begin to develop?
Which are the temperature requirements for budburst?

A

. In the previous growing season
. Average air temperature overt the 10 C

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24
Q

Air temperature as a condition to budburst
Which are the climatic regions that can be advantageous for the budburst and why?
Which are the positive consequences of an uniform budburst?
Which the last advantageous?

A

. Those regions with continental climate and marked differences in temperature between seasons. In these regions the rapidly increases of the temperature means the bus burst can be relatively uniform.
. Homogeneity in the later stages in the growing season, leading to a crop of grapes with even ripeness
. Those with less contrast between winter and spring temperature. Unusually mild days can promote early bud burst. Cold and frosty days can harm the buds.

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25
Q

Soil temperature as a condition to budburst
Which soils will warm up more quickly and then encourage budburst?
Which the opposite?

A

Dry, free draining ones, and sandy soils.
Clay rich soils, specially in cool climates

26
Q

Grape variety as a condition to budburst
Which is the average temperature for bud burst?
Give two examples of grape varieties around that figure.
Examples of early budding varieties

A

10C
Merlot slightly lower
Ugni blanc slightly over
Early budding: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Merlot and Grenache
Late budding Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah

27
Q

Human factor as a condition to budburst
How can it influence ?

A

Some practices as delay the winter pruning could lead to a late bud burst in order to avoid spring frosts

28
Q

When does. the Shoot and Leaf Growthoccurs?
What does the vine needs at the stage?
Whic could be considered as adverse conditions for this stage?

A

Northern hemisphere: March - July
Southern Hemisphere : September - January
What does it need?
. Stored carbohydrates
. Warmth, Sunlight, nutrients and water
Adverse conditions
. Low carbohydrates levels (bad conditions in the previous growing season)
. Water stress

29
Q

When does the fastest rate of growth occur?
Is it uniform?

A

Between bud burst and flowering
No. The speed of shoot growth can vary between vines and also within different part of the same vine.

30
Q

How can be considered a plant with growths long shoots, large leaves and lots of lateral shoots?
The vigor of the plant will depend upon which factors ?

A

A vigorous vine

Will depend upon:
. Temperature
. Water
. Nutrients
. Diseases

31
Q

Which element will support the initial shoot growth?

A

Carbohydrates

32
Q

Which grape growing choice is closely related to the plant vigour?

A

. The green pruning
. Canopy management

33
Q

What does the vine need during the stage of shoot and leaf growth?

A

. Stored carbohydrates
. Warmth, sunlight, nutrients and water

34
Q

Which are the possible adverse conditions that the vine can suffer during the shoot and leaf growth stage?

A

. Low carbohydrate levels (caused by conditions in the previous growing season)
. Water stress

35
Q

When does occur the fastest rate of growth?

A

Between budburst and flowering

36
Q

Can the speed of shot grow vary amongst the different parts of the plant?

A

Yes

37
Q

How could we describe the vigour?

A

It is the vegetative vine growth, which includes the growth of the shoots, leaves and lateral shoots and had implications on the yield and ripening of the grapes

38
Q

What does the vigor of a plant depends on?

A

. natural resources available (temperature, water and nutrients)
. planting material (grape variety, clone and rootstock)
. Presence of any disease

39
Q

What does support the initial shoot growth?

A

The carbohydrates stored in roots, trunks and brunches

40
Q

Which could be the causes why the carbohydrates storage in low?

A

Due to excessive, lead removal, water stress, mildew infections, excessively high yields on the previous growing season

41
Q

Until flowering starts, where does go most of the vine`s energy?

A

The shoot growing

42
Q

Which are the three basic nutrients that the vine needs during its growth?

A

Nitrogen
Potassium
Phosphorous

43
Q

While the first growing period of the vine and apart from nutrients, which other element is of critical importance?

What could the lack of this element provoque ?

A

Water

Limit photosynthesis and shoot growth

44
Q

Stunted shot growth can lead to poor quality and lowers yields.

Which are the consequences at level of the plant of the stunted shoot growth?

A

. Small shoots
. Weak shoots
. reduction in leaf number
. smaller leaves
. inflorescences that do not flower properly
. grape bunches that do not ripen fully.

45
Q

What does the fine need during the Flowering and Fruit Set?

A

. Warm temperatures (minimum 17 C)
. Sunlight, warmth, water and nutrients for buds fruitfulness in the next growing season

46
Q

Which conditions could be considered as adverse during the Flowering and Fruit Set?

A

. Rainy
. Cloudy
. Windy
. Cold temperatures

47
Q

What is the bud activity during the Flowering and Fruit Set?

A

. New buds develop at the base of petioles on new growing shoots.
. Prompt buds will burst and produce lateral shoots
. Compound buds will remain dormant until the following spring

48
Q

Which factors could condition the bud fruitfullness?

A

. Shading of compound buds
. Too low temperatures (under 25C)
. Water stress
. Nutrient deficiency

49
Q

What is bud fruitfulness?

A

The number of inflorescences that will develop from a bud

50
Q

Why, talking about fruitfulness, riesling is well suited to cool climates?

A

Since is able to form potentially fruitful buds ate relatively low temperature

51
Q

What most influence yield and quality of the grapes the current growing season?

A

Flowering and fruit set

52
Q

How can we describe flowering?

A

a. It is the opening of the individual flowers within an inflorescence.
b. During the flowering the pollen-laden stamens (consistent in anther and filament) are exposed

52
Q

What is the fruit set?

A

The moment when the walls of the very transform in skin and pulp of the berry
**Fruit set is the passage from flower to grape

53
Q

What is the pollinization?

A

a. The process when the pollen grains are shed and land on te moistened stigma surface.
b. Here they germinate, producing a pollen tube, tubes that penetrate the stigma and the ovule.
c. The pollen tube delivers sperm cells that fertilize the eggs in the ovule.
d. This leads to the berry formation. Fertilized ovules give seeds up to 4 per grape

53
Q

Which temperatures does the fruit set requires?

A

Between 26-32 C

54
Q

How many flowers finish by fruit setting?

A

From zero to 60%
Usually 30 %

55
Q

What are the common forms of irregular fruit set?

A

. Coulure
. Millerandage

56
Q

What is the coulure?

A

A grape bunch in which the fruit set has failed form a Hugh proportion of flowers.

57
Q

When does the coulure occur?

A

When ovule fertilization is unsuccessful and no grape develops from that flower.

58
Q

Which is the main cause of coulure?

A

Imbalance in carbohydrate levels due to low rates of photosynthesis

59
Q

What could cause low rates of photosynthesis?

A

. Cold
. Cloudy conditions
. Hot
. Arid conditions
. High Water stress

WSET D1 Complementary (2 decks)

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