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WSET 3 > The Vine > Flashcards

The Vine Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is American root stock grafted on to V.vinifera?

A

American vines are resistant to Phylloxera

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2
Q

Besides color and flavor, what else would a grower consider when selecting a grape variety?

A
  • Budding and ripening times
  • Resistance to certain diseases
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3
Q

What is a cutting?

A

A section of a vine shoot that is planted and then grows as a new plant

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4
Q

What are clones a result of?

A

Mutations that sometimes occur as a vine grows

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5
Q

A positive vine mutation could result in…?

A
  • Better quality fruit
  • Disease resistance
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6
Q

What is a clonal selection?

A

When vines with positive mutations are selected for further propagation by cutting or layering.

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7
Q

Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier are all mutations of which grape variety?

A

Pinot

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8
Q

What is cross-fertilization?

A

When pollen from the male part of the flower of one vine is transferred to the female part of the flower of another vine and fertilization occurs.

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9
Q

True or False: A cross fertilization of the same grape varieties will not produce a new variety.

A

False. A new variety is produced even if the parents were of the same variety.

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10
Q

Why do new grape varieties rarely come to market?

A

Consumer resistance to new varieties

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11
Q

What is found along the length of each shoot on a vine?

A

Leaves, buds, tendrils, and flowers or berries

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12
Q

The green parts of the vine grow new every…

A

Year

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13
Q

What is the scientific name for a bud?

A

Embryonic shoot

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14
Q

Where do buds form on the vine?

A

In the joint between the leaf and the shoot

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15
Q

What are the purpose of the tendrils on the vine?

A

To grip a supporting structure to keep the vine upright

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16
Q

What are the leaves main purpose?

A

Photosynthesis

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17
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

When plants use the sun to covert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.

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18
Q

What are the two main purposes of glucose?

A
  • Support vine growth
  • Sweeten grapes
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19
Q

What part of the vine are the reproductive organs?

A

The flowers

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20
Q

True or False: The flowers have both male and female parts.

A

True

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21
Q

What is the scientific name for the bunches of flowers on a vine?

A

Inflorescences

22
Q

What happens to a successfully pollinated flower?

A

It becomes a berry

23
Q

What happens during the winter after the shoots have grown? What are they called the following spring?

A

They turn woody; One-year wood

24
Q

What happens to the buds after the one-year wood develops?

A

They burst into shoots

25
Q

Why is managing the one-year wood vital for growers?

A

Because vines will normally only produce fruit on shoots that grow from buds that developed the previous year.

26
Q

Every winter the vine is pruned and the one-year wood will either be called…?

A

A cane or a spur

27
Q

What is a cane?

A

Long one-year wood with 8 to 20 buds

28
Q

What is a spur?

A

Short one-year wood with only 2 or 3 buds

29
Q

What is permanent wood? What parts of the vine is it?

A

Wood that is more than one year old; the trunk and arms of the vine

30
Q

What is the function of the roots?

A
  • To absorb water and nutrients
  • Anchor the vine
  • Store carbohydrates for the vine to survive during the winter
31
Q

When a new variety is produced from two parents of the same species it is called…?

A

Crossing

32
Q

A vine whose parents come from two different vine species is called a…

A

Hybrid

33
Q

Typically, a hybrid vine will have at least one ________ vine as a parent.

A

American

34
Q

Although hybrids are rarely used in winemaking, they play a crucial role in modern grape growing because…?

A

They’re used throughout the world as rootstocks

35
Q

True or False: Phylloxera is native to North America.

A

True

36
Q

What century was Phylloxera first introduced to to the vineyards of Europe?

A

19th century

37
Q

What happens during the first phase of phylloxera? How does infection take place?

A

It lives underground and feeds on the roots of the vine; infection enters through the feeding wounds

38
Q

How long does it generally take Phylloxera to weaken and kill the vine?

A

A few years

39
Q

American vines are able to fend off Phylloxera louse by…?

A
  • Clogging it’s mouth with a sticky sap
  • Forming protective layers behind the feeding wounds to prevent secondary infections
40
Q

Phylloxera is found almost all over the world. What places are the exception?

A

Chile, parts of Argentina and South Australia

41
Q

Grafting American rootstock onto European rootstock protects the vine from Phylloxera while keeping…?

A

The flavors of the European vine

42
Q

Besides protection from Phylloxera, specific rootstocks are also used to…?

A
  • Protect against nematodes
  • Provide better resistance to drought
43
Q

What is grafting in a nutshell?

A

A technique used to join a rootstock to a V.vinifera variety

44
Q

What is the most popular grafting technique?

A

Bench grafting

45
Q

What is this a description of?

Short sections of cane from both the V.vinifera and the rootstock variety are joined together by machine and stored in a warm environment in order to encourage the two parts to fuse together.

A

Bench grafting

46
Q

When would head grafting be used over bench grafting?

A

When a grower with an established vineyard decides to switch grape varieties between seasons

47
Q

What is this describing?

An existing vine is cut back to its trunk and a bud or cutting of a new variety is grafted on to the trunk.

A

Head grafting

48
Q

If head grafting is successful, when will the new vine start to produce fruit?

A

The next vintage

49
Q

It takes a newly planted vine a minimum of ______ years to produce enough fruit for a commercial crop.

A

3

50
Q

Why would a grower choose to head graft?

A
  • To quickly adjust to changes in market demand
  • It’s cheaper than replanting the entire vineyard
  • New variety will start with an already established root system

WSET 3 (4 decks)

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