The value of intelligence and recap of models/ processes Flashcards
How do we convert intelligence into admissible evidence?
Information
* Source that needs no confidentiality constraints or
protection
* Overt
Intelligence
* Derived from multiple sources – some confidential –
needs to be recorded, graded and evaluated
Evidence
* Information or intelligence
* Admissable in court
* Abides by the rules of evidence
Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS)
Informants
Covered by RIPA 2000
Not just Police
Need a handler
CHIS pros and cons
Ethical issues
Moral issues – Undercover officers
Safety – risk to life
Reliability
Motivation
Assisting prosecutions legislation – Serious and
Organised Crime and Police Act 2005
Surveillance
CCTV
Covert - RIPA 2000
Communication Service provider data - phones and post
Other sources
General public
Press
Social media
Managing intelligence
5x5x5
Reliability of source
Reliability of intelligence
Distribution
Analysing intelligence
Problem profiling - hotspots
Subject profiling - who are the suspects?
Tactical assessment - involves recommendation of deployment of
resources
Strategic assessment - future impact
National Decision Model
The NDM puts the Code of Ethics at the heart of all police decision making. This distinguishes the NDM from other decision-making models
and recognises the need for all police decisions to be consistent with the principles and standards of behaviour set out in the Code.
Application of NDM
The NDM is suitable for
all decisions and should be used by everyone in
policing. It can be applied:
* To spontaneous incidents or planned operations
* By an individual or team of people
* To both operational and non-operational situations
* Decision makers can use the NDM to structure a rationale of what they did during an incident and
why.
* Managers and others can use it to review decisions and actions, and promote learning.
Policing principles
The policing principles originate from the Principles of Public Life developed by the Committee on Standards in Public Life in 1995.
The Code of Ethics includes the principles of ‘fairness’ and
‘respect’ as research has shown these to be crucial to
maintaining and enhancing public confidence in policing.
The 2024 Code of Ethics is inclusive and supports everyone in
policing.
It has two parts, both of which are non-statutory.
Seven principles of public life
Accountability
Honesty
Integrity
Leadership
Objectivity
Openness
Selflessness
CIAPOAR
The mnemonic CIAPOAR can help users to remember the
six key elements of the NDM.
Code of Ethics – principles and standards of professional
behaviour.
Information – gather information and intelligence.
Assessment – assess threat and risk and develop a
working strategy.
Powers and policy – consider powers and policy.
Options – identify options and contingencies.
Action and review – take action and review what
happened.
