The Urinary System

Question 1

What does the urinary system do?

Answer 1

Filters blood
Removing waste from the body
pH regulation
Blood pressure regulation
Blood solute concentration regulation
Red blood cell regulation
Vitamin D production

Question 2

Glomeruli

Answer 2

Specialized system found in the kidneys

Question 3

How much urine does the average person produce in a day?

Answer 3

2 Liters

Question 4

What gives urine its color?

Answer 4

The breakdown of heme in hemoglobin into the yellow pigment urochrome

Question 5

What is urea?

Answer 5

A nitrogen-containing waste substance that the kidneys clear from the blood and excrete into the urine.

Question 6

What is urinalysis for?

Answer 6

Urinalysis is used primarily to assess the kidneys but can be used to diagnose many things

Question 7

Oliguria

Answer 7

Less than 500mL of urine daily- usually a sign of renal disease or severe dehydration

Question 8

Anuria

Answer 8

Production of no urine

Question 9

Polyuria

Answer 9

The overproduction of urine commonly a sympton of untreated diabetes

Question 10

What is a normal urine pH?

Answer 10

4.5-8

Question 11

What can change urine’s pH?

Answer 11

Diet or medication

Question 12

What is specific gravity?

Answer 12

The measure of the concentration of solutes in a given volume, (uses centerfuge)

Question 13

Urethra

Answer 13

Transports urine from the bladder out of the body

Question 14

Internal Urinary Sphincter

Answer 14

controlled autonomously and regulates when urine leaves the bladder

Question 15

External urinary Sphincter

Answer 15

voluntarily controlled

Question 16

Bladder

Answer 16

Function: store and relase urine

Question 17

Urine enters the bladder through the:

Answer 17

ureters

Question 18

Detrusor muscle

Answer 18

Crisscrossed smooth muscle that surrounds the bladder’s highly flexible epithelium

Question 19

Rarely used but proper term for urination is:

Answer 19

Micturition

Question 20

_____ is involutary urination that usually occurs when the bladder reaches 300-400mL

Answer 20

Incontinence

Question 21

Function: connects the kidneys to the bladder

Answer 21

Ureters

Question 22

Wave-like movement of smooth muscle

Answer 22

Peristalsis

Question 23

Kidney’s outer layer

Answer 23

Renal Cortex

Question 24

Filter blood and regulate water concentrations

Answer 24

Renal pyramids

Question 24

_____ extend deeper into the kidneys from the cortex and terminate into Renal Papillae and Renal Pyramids

Answer 24

Renal Columns

Question 25

Transport urine out

Answer 25

Renal papillae

Question 26

Entry and exit point for the kidneys

Answer 26

Renal Hilum

Question 27

Bring blood into the kidney and form vessels decreasing in size down to the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney

Answer 27

Renal arteries

Question 28

Each kidney contains about 1.2 million ___ which resemble a single curved hollow tube one cell thick

Answer 28

Nephrons

Question 29

The tract where water and salt are reabsorbed

Answer 29

Loop of Henle

Question 30

The final location of the nephron

Answer 30

Collecting duct

Question 31

Much of the filtration is mechanical through holes called ____ that are too small for large particles to pass through

Answer 31

Fenestrations