The Digestive System

Question 1

What’s the function of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Break down food, release nutrients, absorb those nutrients, and then discard the waste

Question 2

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
One-way tube from the mouth to the anus

Answer 2

Alimentary canal

Question 3

The innermost layer of digestive organs. Primarily known for secreting mucus into the lumen- the empty space at the center through which food passes

Answer 3

Mucosa

Question 4

___ is one layer deeper than the mucosa

Answer 4

Submucosa

Question 5

____ is the third layer which is composed of muscle

Answer 5

Muscularis

Question 6

The outermost layer is called the ___ and is composed of connective tissue that primarily functions to lubricate the outer surface of the organs and body cavities, reducing friction

Answer 6

Serosa

Question 7

The majority of digestive nerves from the esophagus to the anus are part of the:

Answer 7

Enteric nervous system

Question 8

Reduce the activity of digestive nerves

Answer 8

Fight-or-flight

Question 9

Increase the activity of digestive nerves

Answer 9

Rest-and-digest

Question 10

A thin membrane that surrounds the digestive organs

Answer 10

The Peritoneum

Question 11

6 Steps of Digestion

Answer 11

Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical/Physical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
Absorbtion
Defecation

Question 12

Food enters the alimentary canal through the mouth

Answer 12

Ingestion

Question 13

A hunk of food you swallow

Answer 13

Bolus

Question 14

The act of moving the bolus forward through the GI tract

Answer 14

Propulsion

Question 15

Chewing

Answer 15

Mastication

Question 16

Stomach enzymes turns bolus into acidic “Soup” called:

Answer 16

Chyme

Question 17

Food is composed of complex molecules- goal is to break them down into usable parts for the human body

Answer 17

Chemical Digestion

Question 18

Process by which the broken down food molecules are transferred to the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues of the body

Answer 18

Absorption

Question 19

Outer covering is skin that transitions to mucous membrane

Answer 19

Labia

Question 20

Makes breathing while chewing possible

Answer 20

Hard palate

Question 21

Mostly skeletal muscle- aids in swallowing, yawning, and singing

Answer 21

Soft palate

Question 22

Teeth

Answer 22

Dentes

Question 23

Gums

Answer 23

Gingiva

Question 24

Strong material that surrounds the pulp of a tooth

Answer 24

Dentin

Question 25

Covers the surface of a tooth

Answer 25

Enamel

Question 26

Pharynx to stomach

Answer 26

esophagus

Question 27

Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs when lower sphincter improperly closes causing “heartburn”

Answer 27

GERD

Question 28

Where the esophagus (and the food) enters

Answer 28

Cardia

Question 29

Stores gas or food when full

Answer 29

Fundus

Question 30

The majority of stomach space

Answer 30

Body

Question 31

Where stomach meets small intestine

Answer 31

Pylorus

Question 32

Controls when the stomach empties into small intestine

Answer 32

Phyloric sphincter

Question 33

Release “gastric juice” for chemical digestion

Answer 33

Gastric glands

Question 34

Form when the mucosal barrier breaks down

Answer 34

Ulcers

Question 35

Primary digestive organ, absorbs nutrients

Answer 35

Small intestine

Question 36

Small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for digestion

Answer 36

Villi and microvilli

Question 37

Finishes absorption of water and nutrients, produces vitamins, forms and eliminates feces

Answer 37

Large Intestine

Question 38

Receives contents of ilium and absorbs water and salts

Answer 38

Cecum

Question 39

Has ascending, transverse, and descending segments Further removes water and nutrients and passes waste to the rectum

Answer 39

Colon

Question 40

In the pelvis, holding area for feces

Answer 40

Rectum

Question 41

Has internal involuntary smooth muscle sphincter and a voluntary skeletal muscle external sphincter, both are closed unless defecation

Answer 41

Anal canal

Question 42

Blood from the digestive tract is processed in the:

Answer 42

Liver

Question 43

Secretes digestive enzymes and hormones for stomach and intestines

Answer 43

Pancreas

Question 44

Stores, concentrates, and releases bile produced in the liver into the duodenum

Answer 44

Gallbladder