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Anatomy > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the function of the digestive system?

A

Break down food, release nutrients, absorb those nutrients, and then discard the waste

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2
Q

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
One-way tube from the mouth to the anus

A

Alimentary canal

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3
Q

The innermost layer of digestive organs. Primarily known for secreting mucus into the lumen- the empty space at the center through which food passes

A

Mucosa

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4
Q

___ is one layer deeper than the mucosa

A

Submucosa

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5
Q

____ is the third layer which is composed of muscle

A

Muscularis

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6
Q

The outermost layer is called the ___ and is composed of connective tissue that primarily functions to lubricate the outer surface of the organs and body cavities, reducing friction

A

Serosa

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7
Q

The majority of digestive nerves from the esophagus to the anus are part of the:

A

Enteric nervous system

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8
Q

Reduce the activity of digestive nerves

A

Fight-or-flight

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9
Q

Increase the activity of digestive nerves

A

Rest-and-digest

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10
Q

A thin membrane that surrounds the digestive organs

A

The Peritoneum

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11
Q

6 Steps of Digestion

A

Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical/Physical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
Absorbtion
Defecation

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12
Q

Food enters the alimentary canal through the mouth

A

Ingestion

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13
Q

A hunk of food you swallow

A

Bolus

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14
Q

The act of moving the bolus forward through the GI tract

A

Propulsion

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15
Q

Chewing

A

Mastication

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16
Q

Stomach enzymes turns bolus into acidic “Soup” called:

A

Chyme

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17
Q

Food is composed of complex molecules- goal is to break them down into usable parts for the human body

A

Chemical Digestion

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18
Q

Process by which the broken down food molecules are transferred to the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues of the body

A

Absorption

19
Q

Outer covering is skin that transitions to mucous membrane

A

Labia

20
Q

Makes breathing while chewing possible

A

Hard palate

21
Q

Mostly skeletal muscle- aids in swallowing, yawning, and singing

A

Soft palate

22
Q

Teeth

A

Dentes

23
Q

Gums

A

Gingiva

24
Q

Strong material that surrounds the pulp of a tooth

A

Dentin

25
Q

Covers the surface of a tooth

A

Enamel

26
Q

Pharynx to stomach

A

esophagus

27
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs when lower sphincter improperly closes causing “heartburn”

A

GERD

28
Q

Where the esophagus (and the food) enters

A

Cardia

29
Q

Stores gas or food when full

A

Fundus

30
Q

The majority of stomach space

A

Body

31
Q

Where stomach meets small intestine

A

Pylorus

32
Q

Controls when the stomach empties into small intestine

A

Phyloric sphincter

33
Q

Release “gastric juice” for chemical digestion

A

Gastric glands

34
Q

Form when the mucosal barrier breaks down

A

Ulcers

35
Q

Primary digestive organ, absorbs nutrients

A

Small intestine

36
Q

Small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for digestion

A

Villi and microvilli

37
Q

Finishes absorption of water and nutrients, produces vitamins, forms and eliminates feces

A

Large Intestine

38
Q

Receives contents of ilium and absorbs water and salts

A

Cecum

39
Q

Has ascending, transverse, and descending segments
Further removes water and nutrients and passes waste to the rectum

A

Colon

40
Q

In the pelvis, holding area for feces

A

Rectum

41
Q

Has internal involuntary smooth muscle sphincter and a voluntary skeletal muscle external sphincter, both are closed unless defecation

A

Anal canal

42
Q

Blood from the digestive tract is processed in the:

A

Liver

43
Q

Secretes digestive enzymes and hormones for stomach and intestines

A

Pancreas

44
Q

Stores, concentrates, and releases bile produced in the liver into the duodenum

A

Gallbladder

Anatomy (2 decks)

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