The Uptake Of Energy And Nutrients Flashcards
Ingestion.
Removal of undigested food thorough anus.
In simple organisms living on one type of food what is the gut…?
Unidfferentiated
Digestion.
Hydrolysis if large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble food molecules through enzymes.
Absorbtion.
Movement of molecules produced by digestion through alimentary canal wall into blood and lymph.
Ingestion.
Taking food in by mouth.
Mechanical digestion.
Cutting and crushing food with teeth or peristalsis providing a larger surface area.
What is the alimentary canal?
Buccal cavity, tongue, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach , duodenum, ileum, colon, rectum, anus.
What are the four different layers of guy wall?
Tissue layers are (lumen); Sherpas, longitudinal muscle layer, circular muscle layer, submucosa.
Serosa
A layer of tough connective tissue, protects.
Inner mucosa,
Lubricate food.
Sub mucosa.
Absorbtion.
Muscle layers.
Responsible for peristalsis.
Mouth: secretion, production site, ph, enzymes, substrate, product.
Saliva, salivary gland, 6.5-7.5, amylase, starch, maltose
Stomach: secretion, production site, ph, enzymes, substrate, product.
Gastric juice, zymogen cells in gastric pits, 2, pepsinogen and rennin, proteins, polypeptides.
Duodenum: secretion, production site, ph, enzymes, substrate, product.
Pancreatic juice, pancreas, 7, amylase; trypsin; lipase, starch;protein:polypeptides, amino acids maltose fatty acids and glycerol.
Ileum: secretion, production site, ph, enzymes, substrate, product.
Intestinal juice, ileum mucosa, 8.5,, boring.
Endopeptidases and exopeptidases.
Hydrolyse peptide bonds, within protein molecule. ENDOPEPTIDASES.
Hydrolyse peptide bonds at end protein molecule. EXOPEPTIDASES
Fats are digested how?
First emulsified by bile salts into smaller globules before being broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by lipase.
Mucus purpose.
Protects gut wall and lubricates food passing through gut.
Glucose and amino acid absorbtion.
Diffusion and active transport into capillaries, and then travel via hepatic portal vein to liver.
Fatty acids and glycerols
absorbed by lacteals move through lymph and reconnect to blood at thoracic duct.
Amino acids absorbed for protein synthesis and…
Excess cannot be stored so amino group is removed and converted to urea and the dean instead group is converted to carbs and stored.
Lipids are used for what? Excess?
Membranes, hormones, excess stores as fat.
Glucose absorbtion.
Absorbed onto epithelial cells by fd>through specific contransporter protein along with sodium ion> sodium Ions actively pumped out into blood> lowers conc of sodium ion in cells> so more sodium Iona and glucose enters cell increasing concentration> glucose diffuses out of blood down conc gradient.
