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Human Anatomy -- Back and Upper Limb > The Upper Limb > Flashcards

The Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What major vein is on the lateral side of the arm?

A

Cephalic

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2
Q

What major vein is on the medial side of the arm?

A

Basiliic (becomes axillary vein in axilla region)

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3
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Inflammation of flexor retinaculum from overuse

Compression of median nerve

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4
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve runs on what side of the upper limb?

A

Musculocutaneous: LATERAL

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5
Q

is the short or long head of the biceps brachii on the medial side?

A

Short head of biceps is on medial side.

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6
Q

is the short or long head of the biceps brachii on the lateral side?

A

Long head of biceps is on lateral side

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7
Q

What extensor muscles of the forearm (post compartment)

extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

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8
Q

What extensor muscles of the forearm (post compartment) extend the medial 4 fingers?

A

Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi

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9
Q

What extensor muscles of the forearm (post compartment) extend or abduct the thumb?

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus

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10
Q

What holds the extensor tendons in place and prevents bowstringing of the tendons?

A

Extensor retinaculum

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11
Q

The brachial plexus is derived from what 2 types of nerves?

A

Cervical and

Thoracic spinal nerves

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12
Q

What are the 4 parts of the upper limb?

A
  1. Pectoral girdle (scapula, clavicle): attachment for limb
  2. Arm (humerus)
  3. Forearm (radius, ulna)
  4. Hand (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges)
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13
Q

Sternal facet of clavicle

A

Attaches to manubrium of sternum

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14
Q

Acromial facet of clavicle

A

Attaches to acromion of scapula

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15
Q

What is the shape of the costal surface of the scapula?

Posterior surface shape?

A

Costal: Concave
Posterior: Convex

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16
Q

Suprascapular notch

A

notch for blood vessels and nerves to get to scapula

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17
Q

What passes through the intertubercular sulcus?

Where is the intertubercular sulcus located?

A

Tendon of long head of biceps passes through groove

The groove is on the proximal end of the humerus

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18
Q

Where does the tendon of the long head of the biceps insert?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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19
Q

Deltoid tuberosity located on what bone?

A

Humerus

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20
Q

Greater and lesser tubercles located on what bone?

What do they separate?

A

Located on humerus

Separate the intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

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21
Q

Trochlea articulates with…

Capitulum articulates with…

A

Trochlea –> ulna

Capitulum –> radius

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22
Q

Lateral epicondyle is attachment for…

Medial epicondyle is attachment for…

A

Lateral: extensors (posterior compartment)
Medial: flexors (anterior compartment)

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23
Q

What inserts into the coronoid fossa?

What inserts into the radial fossa?

A

Coronoid: ulna
Radial: radius

THESE ARE ANTERIOR FOSSA
POSTERIOR FOSSA IS Olecranon

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24
Q

What condyle is visible from anterior?

Posterior?

A

Anterior: trochlea and capitulum
Posterior: trochlea

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25
What nerve passes over the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Ulnar nerve
26
What muscle passes over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
Anconeus
27
Which bone of the forearm has a larger role in the elbow joint?
ulna
28
Head and neck of radius fit into what part of the ulna?
Radial notch
29
Radial tuberosity is on what bone? | What muscle attaches to the radial tuberosity?
Radius | Biceps muscle
30
Styloid processes on radius and ulna form what kind of joint? What kind of mvmt does this joint have?
Hinge joint at wrist | Allows for mvmt in 2 directions
31
End of the radius has depressions for what 2 carpal bones?
Scaphoid | Lunate
32
What forearm bone does not directly articulate with any of the wrist bones?
Ulna | There is an articular disk that separates them
33
Olecranon located on what bone?
Ulna
34
When ulna is extended, fits into what fossa? | When flexed?
Extended: olecranon fossa Flexed: coronoid fossa
35
Supinate | Pronate
Supinate: turn so palm is up Pronate: turn so palm is down
36
What kind of muscle is biceps brachii? | How does it work?
Supinator | Pulls on radius and crosses radius over ulna
37
Pectoral fascia surrounds...
Pec major
38
Clavipectoral fascia connects...
Pec minor with clavicle and subclavian muscle
39
Axillary fascia located...
At the base of the armpit
40
Costocoracoid membrane
part of the clavipectoral fascia that separates the pec minor and subclavius costacoracoid membrane is pierced by lateral pectoral nerve
41
Where is the antebrachial fascia located?
Forearm
42
What fascia separates the arm into ant and post compartments?
Brachial fascia
43
Dermatome
Sections of skin that are territories for sensory cutaneous nerves which are derived from a particular vertebral level
44
Supraclavicular nerves
(C3, C4) --> above brachial plexus | From outside the upper limb
45
Cephalic vein on what side? | Basilic vein?
Cephalic: thumb side (radial) Basilic: pinky side (ulnar)
46
What is the name of the vein where the cephalic and basilic vein meet?
Median cubital vein
47
What is the name of the area of the arm where the cephalic and basilic veins meet?
Cubital fossa
48
What vein do both the cephalic and basilic vein dump into?
Axillary vein
49
Which vein in the arm runs deeper earlier into the fascia?
``` Basilic vein (Cephalic vein closer to surface longer) ```
50
What is the role of perforating veins?
Form communications between superficial and deep veins
51
Which vein of the arm enters the clavipectoral triangle?
Cephalic vein
52
Where is the median antebrachial vein located in relation with other veins of the upper limb?
Starts at thumb and runs up the forearm between the cephalic and basilic veins
53
Cubital lymph nodes
Near cubital fossa, medial to basilic vein
54
What systems are highly variable?
Venous and lymphatic
55
Vessels from cubital lymph nodes end where? | Deep lymph vessesl that accompany the deep veins (radial, ulnar, and brachial) also enter here.
Humeral (lateral) axillary lymph nodes
56
Most superficial lymph vessels accompanying the cephalic vein enter what lymph nodes? Some, however, previously enter what lymph node?
Most enter Apical axillary lymph nodes | Some enter the deltopectoral lymph nodes
57
What are the parts of the pec major?
``` Clavicular head (top) Sternocostal head (middle and largest part) Abdominal part (bottom) ```
58
Damage of the serratus anterior results in...
Winging of the scapula
59
Anterior muscles of the shoulder include:
Pec major Pec minor Subclavius Serratus anterior
60
Posterior muscles of the shoulder include:
Lats dorsi Trapezius Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor
61
Lats and pecs allow for what movement of the humerus?
Adduction and | Medial rotation
62
What are the 3 heads of the deltoid? | What actions do they produce?
Clavicular (anterior) --> flexor Middle --> abductor Spinal (posterior) --> extensor (spinal b/c attached to spine of scapula)
63
What muscles make up the rotator cuff? | Which ones are located ant or post?
``` Supraspinatus (post) Infraspinatus (post) Teres minor (post) Subscapularis (ant) (SITS) ```
64
``` What muscles are located on: Medial wall of axilla Anterior wall of axilla Posterior wall of axilla Lateral wall of axilla ```
Medial: serratus anterior Anterior: Pec major and minor Posterior: lats, subscapularis, teres major Lateral: tendon for long head of biceps
65
What important structures are bundled together in the axilla, surrounded by axillary fat?
Axillary artery and vein Brachial plexus Central axillary lymph nodes
66
Arch of aorta originates from...
Left ventricle
67
Brachiocephalic trunk Located on which side? Splits into...?
Right side Splits into: 1. Common carotid 2. Subclavian artery
68
Subclavian artery becomes the ... artery when it passes behind the clavicle
Axillary artery
69
What is the branch off of the first part of the axillary artery?
Superior thoracic artery | 1 branch
70
What is the branch off of the second part of the axillary artery?
Thoraco-acromial artery Lateral thoracic artery (2 branches)
71
What is the branch off the third part of the axillary artery?
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries Subscapular artery (3 branches)
72
Diff branches of axillary artery divided by location in their relation to what structure?
Pectoralis minor
73
2 branches of the subscapular artery
Circumflex scapular artery | Thoracordorsal artery
74
The axillary artery becomes what artery in the arm?
Brachial artery
75
Circumflex scapular branches anastamose with what vessels?
Intercostal arteries
76
The suprascapular and dorsal scapular arteries originate from what artery?
Subclavian artery
77
Brachial plexus are what kind of rami?
Ventral primary rami of C5-T1
78
Spinal nerves are a combo of ... | They split into what kind of rami?
Motor and sensory nerves | Split into dorsal and ventral rami
79
What are the sections of the brachial plexus?
``` Roots Trunks Divisions Cords Terminal branches ```
80
What are the locations of the suprascapular nerve and artery in relation to the ligament that covers the suprascapular notch?
Nerve is under ligament | Artery is above ligament
81
Ventral rami are bounded by what 2 muscles?
Anterior and middle scalene
82
Funny bone
Compress ulnar nerve against medial epicondyle
83
What muscle is the major supinator of the arm?
Biceps brachii
84
What muscle is the major flexor of the arm?
Brachialis
85
Musculocutaneous nerve innervates what muscles?
Anterior compartment of the arm
86
What are the 3 muscles, 1 nerve, and 1 blood vessel of the ant compartment of the arm?
``` Biceps brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis Musculocutaneous nerve Brachial artery ```
87
What are the 2 muscles, 1 nerve, and 1 blood vessel of the post compartment of the arm?
Triceps brachii (lateral, medial, and long heads) Anconeus Radial nerve Profunda brachii artery
88
What structures make the borders of the quadrangular space?
Teres major Teres minor Triceps Humerus
89
What blood vessel runs through the quadrangular space?
Posterior circumflex humeral artery (which is a branch of the axillary artery)
90
Collateral arteries
Run down and around elbow joint Anastamose with recurrent arteries around elbow joint LIST OF COLLATERAL ARTERIES: 1. Superior and inferior ulnar collateral artery 2. Radial collateral
91
What structures make up the borders of the cubital fossa? | What structures run through the cubital fossa?
Pronator teres Brachioradialis Brachialis Biceps Median nerve Brachial artery and brachial veins Biceps tendon
92
Where does the brachial artery divide into 2 branches? | What are these branches?
Divides in cubital fossa Divides into: Radial artery Ulnar artery
93
Anterior compartment of the forearm is innervated by...
``` Median nerve (mostly) Ulnar nerve (flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, ulnar half of FDP) ```
94
The tendon of palmaris brevis extends down and becomes continuous with...
Palmar aponeurosis
95
What are the middle muscles in the ant compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis: tendons run to middle phalanges Flexor digitorum profundus: tendons run to ends of fingers Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus
96
Where do most of the muscles of the ant compartment of the forearm originate?
Medial epicondyle
97
Superficial muscles of the post compartment of the forearm is innervated by... Deep muscles...
Superficial: Radial Deep: post interosseous nerve
98
What are the superficial muscles of the post compartment of the forearm?
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor retinaculum (thick band of fascia that holds tendons in place)
99
What makes the roof of the carpal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum
100
What are the deep muscles of the post compartment of the forearm?
Supinator Extensor indicis Outcropping muscles - Abductor pollicis longus - Extensor pollicis longus - Extensor pollicis brevis
101
The hand is innervated by what nerves?
Median Ulnar Radial
102
Potential spaces in the hand
Thenar space | Midpalmar space
103
What are the 3 muscles of the thenar eminence?
Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis
104
What muscle is the webbing between the index finger and the thumb?
Adductor pollicis
105
What are the 3 muscles of the hypothenar eminence?
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor brevis digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi (Notice that the pinky does NOT have an aDductor)
106
Lumbricals
(4) Muscles ORIGINATE ON TENDONS and insert on lateral sides of 1st phalanges Located between metacarpals
107
Interossei
(4) dorsal --> DAB (3) palmar --> PAD Interossei are muscles that are between the metacarpals and ORIGINATE ON METACARPALS
108
What structures are in the carpal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus (share common flexor sheath) Tendon of flexor carpi radialis (tendonous sheath) Tendon of flexor pollicis longus (tendonous sheath) Median nerve
109
How is carpal tunnel syndrome treated?
Cut flexor retinaculum | Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when inflamed tissue presses against the median nerve
110
Extensor expansion originates from...
Extensor digitorum tendon
111
The Median Nerve runs on what side of the upper limb?
Medial
112
What are the SUPERFICIAL muscles of the ANT compartment of the FOREARM?
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris
113
What are the INTERMEDIATE muscles of the ANT compartment of the FOREARM?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
114
What are the DEEP muscles of the ANT compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus
115
What are the SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES of the POST compartment of the FOREARM?
``` Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris ```
116
What are the DEEP MUSCLES of the POST compartment of the FOREARM?
Supinator | Extensor indicis
117
What are the outcropping muscles of the post compartment of the forearm?
Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis
118
Anatomical snuff box bounded by...
Tendon of extensor pollicis longus and tendons of extensor pollicis brevis
119
What artery passes though the anatomical snuff box?
Radial artery
120
What are the thenar muscles?
1. Opponens pollicis 2. Abductor pollicis brevis 3. Flexor pollicis brevis (Adductor pollicis)
121
What are the hypothenar muscles?
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti (Does not have an ADductor)
122
What nerve innervates the 3 thenar muscles (opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis, and flexor pollicis)?
Median nerve
123
What nerve innervates the adductor pollicis
Ulnar nerve
124
What nerves innervate thenar muscles?
Median and Ulnar
125
What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?
Ulnar nerve
126
The 1st and 2nd lumbricals are innervated by...
Median nerve
127
The 3rd and 4th lumbricals are innervated by...
Ulnar nerve
128
Both dorsal and palmar interossei are innervated by...
Ulnar nerve
129
Abductor pollicis longus is a ... muscle, but Abductor pollicis brevis is a ... muscle Flexor pollicis longus is a ... muscle, but Flexor pollicis brevis is a ... muscle
Longus -- forearm muscle | Brevis -- hand muscle
130
Adductor pollicis is the...
webbing b/w the hand and thumb
131
How many dorsal interossei? | Palmar?
Dorsal: 4 Palmar: 3
132
What hand muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate?
All interossei All hypothenar muscles 2 lumbricals
133
What hand muscles does the median nerve innervate?
Thumb muscles | Other lumbricals
134
What kind of innervation is the radial nerve responsible for in the hand?
Sensory
135
What nerves innervate MUSCLES of the hand? | What nerves do CUTANEOUS innervation in the hand?
Muscles: median or ulnar (primarily ulnar) Cutaneous: median, ulnar, and radial
136
What nerves innervate the palm?
Median and ulnar (a little bit of radial)
137
What nerves innervate the dorsal side of the hand?
Median, ulnar, and radial
138
What joint is very shallow?
Glenohumeral joint
139
Long head of biceps passes through the shoulder joint capsule to attach to the...
supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
140
The triceps attaches to ... of scapula
the infraglenoid tubercule of scapula
141
What are the 2 parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?
Trapezoid ligament | Conoid ligament
142
Acromioclavicular ligament
Between clavicle and acromion of the scapula | Movable synovial joint
143
Coracoacromial ligament
Between the corocoid process and acromion of scapula
144
What are the functions of the rotator cuff?
Keep humerus in its socket (b/c glenoid cavity is so shallow) Rotate arm
145
When you lift your arm to raise your hand.
Half of the movement is due to elevation of scapula
146
Ways the pectoral girdle can move (due to SC and AC joints)
Protract (move fwd) Retract (move back) Rotate
147
What are the ligaments of the Shoulder area?
Glenohumeral ligaments Coracoclavicular ligament Acromioclavicular ligament Coracoacromial ligament
148
What are the joints of the shoulder area?
Glenohumeral joint Sternoclavicular joint Acromioclavicular joint
149
The trapezoid and conoid ligaments are the 2 parts of what ligament?
Coracoclavicular
150
What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?
Ulnar collateral Radial collateral Anular
151
Anular ligament
connects radius and humerus -- circular ring around head of humerus Holds head of radius in against radial notch of ulna
152
Describe the relative position of the radius and ulna during... Supination Pronation
Supination: radius and ulna parallel to each other Pronation: radius crosses over ulna
153
What kind of joint is the elbow joint? | Glenohumeral joint?
Elbow: hinge -- 1 direction Glenohumeral: ball and socket
154
What muscles are involved in pronation?
Pronator teres | Pronator quadratus
155
Which bone of the forearm articulates with the carpals?
Radius articulates with carpals | There is an articular disc separating the ulna and wrist joint
156
What joint of the hand allows for most movement?
Midcarpal joint
157
Where is the midcarpal joint located?
Between the proximal and distal row of carpals
158
What are possible movements of the radiocarpal (wrist) joint?
Flexion, extesion | Abduction, adduction (more restricted than flex/extend)
159
Carpometacarpal joint
b/w carpals and metacarpals -- do not allow for much movement
160
Metacarpophalangeal joints
knucles
161
What kinds of joints are the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints?
Hinge joints
162
If break arm mid-humerus, what nerve would be damaged?
Radial -- b/c runs right along the back of the humerus | Other nerves of the arm are buffered by muscles

Human Anatomy -- Back and Upper Limb (5 decks)

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