The Upper Limb Flashcards
What major vein is on the lateral side of the arm?
Cephalic
What major vein is on the medial side of the arm?
Basiliic (becomes axillary vein in axilla region)
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Inflammation of flexor retinaculum from overuse
Compression of median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve runs on what side of the upper limb?
Musculocutaneous: LATERAL
is the short or long head of the biceps brachii on the medial side?
Short head of biceps is on medial side.
is the short or long head of the biceps brachii on the lateral side?
Long head of biceps is on lateral side
What extensor muscles of the forearm (post compartment)
extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint?
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
What extensor muscles of the forearm (post compartment) extend the medial 4 fingers?
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
What extensor muscles of the forearm (post compartment) extend or abduct the thumb?
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
What holds the extensor tendons in place and prevents bowstringing of the tendons?
Extensor retinaculum
The brachial plexus is derived from what 2 types of nerves?
Cervical and
Thoracic spinal nerves
What are the 4 parts of the upper limb?
- Pectoral girdle (scapula, clavicle): attachment for limb
- Arm (humerus)
- Forearm (radius, ulna)
- Hand (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges)
Sternal facet of clavicle
Attaches to manubrium of sternum
Acromial facet of clavicle
Attaches to acromion of scapula
What is the shape of the costal surface of the scapula?
Posterior surface shape?
Costal: Concave
Posterior: Convex
Suprascapular notch
notch for blood vessels and nerves to get to scapula
What passes through the intertubercular sulcus?
Where is the intertubercular sulcus located?
Tendon of long head of biceps passes through groove
The groove is on the proximal end of the humerus
Where does the tendon of the long head of the biceps insert?
Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Deltoid tuberosity located on what bone?
Humerus
Greater and lesser tubercles located on what bone?
What do they separate?
Located on humerus
Separate the intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
Trochlea articulates with…
Capitulum articulates with…
Trochlea –> ulna
Capitulum –> radius
Lateral epicondyle is attachment for…
Medial epicondyle is attachment for…
Lateral: extensors (posterior compartment)
Medial: flexors (anterior compartment)
What inserts into the coronoid fossa?
What inserts into the radial fossa?
Coronoid: ulna
Radial: radius
THESE ARE ANTERIOR FOSSA
POSTERIOR FOSSA IS Olecranon
What condyle is visible from anterior?
Posterior?
Anterior: trochlea and capitulum
Posterior: trochlea
What nerve passes over the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Ulnar nerve
What muscle passes over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
Anconeus
Which bone of the forearm has a larger role in the elbow joint?
ulna
Head and neck of radius fit into what part of the ulna?
Radial notch
Radial tuberosity is on what bone?
What muscle attaches to the radial tuberosity?
Radius
Biceps muscle
Styloid processes on radius and ulna form what kind of joint?
What kind of mvmt does this joint have?
Hinge joint at wrist
Allows for mvmt in 2 directions
End of the radius has depressions for what 2 carpal bones?
Scaphoid
Lunate
What forearm bone does not directly articulate with any of the wrist bones?
Ulna
There is an articular disk that separates them
Olecranon located on what bone?
Ulna
When ulna is extended, fits into what fossa?
When flexed?
Extended: olecranon fossa
Flexed: coronoid fossa
Supinate
Pronate
Supinate: turn so palm is up
Pronate: turn so palm is down
What kind of muscle is biceps brachii?
How does it work?
Supinator
Pulls on radius and crosses radius over ulna
Pectoral fascia surrounds…
Pec major
Clavipectoral fascia connects…
Pec minor with clavicle and subclavian muscle
Axillary fascia located…
At the base of the armpit
Costocoracoid membrane
part of the clavipectoral fascia that separates the pec minor and subclavius
costacoracoid membrane is pierced by lateral pectoral nerve
Where is the antebrachial fascia located?
Forearm
What fascia separates the arm into ant and post compartments?
Brachial fascia
Dermatome
Sections of skin that are territories for sensory cutaneous nerves which are derived from a particular vertebral level
Supraclavicular nerves
(C3, C4) –> above brachial plexus
From outside the upper limb
Cephalic vein on what side?
Basilic vein?
Cephalic: thumb side (radial)
Basilic: pinky side (ulnar)
What is the name of the vein where the cephalic and basilic vein meet?
Median cubital vein
What is the name of the area of the arm where the cephalic and basilic veins meet?
Cubital fossa
What vein do both the cephalic and basilic vein dump into?
Axillary vein
Which vein in the arm runs deeper earlier into the fascia?
Basilic vein (Cephalic vein closer to surface longer)
What is the role of perforating veins?
Form communications between superficial and deep veins
Which vein of the arm enters the clavipectoral triangle?
Cephalic vein
Where is the median antebrachial vein located in relation with other veins of the upper limb?
Starts at thumb and runs up the forearm between the cephalic and basilic veins
Cubital lymph nodes
Near cubital fossa, medial to basilic vein
What systems are highly variable?
Venous and lymphatic
Vessels from cubital lymph nodes end where?
Deep lymph vessesl that accompany the deep veins (radial, ulnar, and brachial) also enter here.
Humeral (lateral) axillary lymph nodes
Most superficial lymph vessels accompanying the cephalic vein enter what lymph nodes?
Some, however, previously enter what lymph node?
Most enter Apical axillary lymph nodes
Some enter the deltopectoral lymph nodes
What are the parts of the pec major?
Clavicular head (top) Sternocostal head (middle and largest part) Abdominal part (bottom)
Damage of the serratus anterior results in…
Winging of the scapula
Anterior muscles of the shoulder include:
Pec major
Pec minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior
Posterior muscles of the shoulder include:
Lats dorsi
Trapezius
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Lats and pecs allow for what movement of the humerus?
Adduction and
Medial rotation
What are the 3 heads of the deltoid?
What actions do they produce?
Clavicular (anterior) –> flexor
Middle –> abductor
Spinal (posterior) –> extensor (spinal b/c attached to spine of scapula)
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Which ones are located ant or post?
Supraspinatus (post) Infraspinatus (post) Teres minor (post) Subscapularis (ant) (SITS)
What muscles are located on: Medial wall of axilla Anterior wall of axilla Posterior wall of axilla Lateral wall of axilla
Medial: serratus anterior
Anterior: Pec major and minor
Posterior: lats, subscapularis, teres major
Lateral: tendon for long head of biceps