The Upper and Lower Limb Flashcards
What is the ‘surface relief’ (surface anatomy) determined by?
- Muscles
- Some skeletal elements
- Palpable parts of bone help with orientation during physical exam
What is an anatomical space?
Spaces that are no completely occupied by tissue
What are the anatomical spaces of the upper limb?
- Axillary space
- Cubital fossa (tubercle space)
- Carpal tunnel
What are the anatomical spaces of the lower limb?
- Femoral triangle
- Popliteal fossa
- Tarsal tunne;
In what stages of development do the upper and lower limbs develop?
- 4th week- upper limb
- 1 week later- lower limb
What segments does the upper limb develop from?
C5 - T1
What segments does the lower limb bud from?
L2- S2
What occurs in the 7th week of development in regards to upper and lower limbs?
- Proximal parts of upper and lower limbs undergo 90-degree torsion around long axes
What are the bones of the upper limb?
- Scapula
- Clavicle
- Humerus
- Radius
- Ulna
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
What are the bones of the lower limb?
- Hip bone
- Femur
- Patella
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Tarsals and metatarsals
- Phalangeal bones
What are the joints of the upper limb?
Acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, elbow, radoiocarpal, radiocarpal
What are the joints of the lower limb?
Hip joint, knee, tibiofibular, ankle and subtalar
How can a joint be described?
- Bones, cartilage, classify joint, movements, ligaments and additional features
What is a fascia?
- Densely woven connective tissue (primarily collagen) beneath skin that attaches, stabilises, encloses and separates muscles and other internal organs
What are septa?
Partition separating 2 chambers, e.g. between nostrils or chambers of heart
