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Anatomy- Locomotor > Shoulder and Hip > Flashcards

Shoulder and Hip Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the shoulder?

A
  • Clavicle
  • Humerus
  • Scapula
  • Joint- head of humerus and glenoid cavity
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2
Q

What are the bones of the hip?

A
  • Ilium
  • Femur
  • Joint- head of femur and acetabulum
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3
Q

What are the features of joints?

A
  • Articulating bones
  • Capsule
  • Synovial membrane
  • Bursae
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4
Q

What are bursae?

A

Small fluid-filled sacs

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5
Q

Describe the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint

A
  • Very loose, may lead to shoulder dislocation
  • Attachment medially to margin of glenoid cavity
  • Laterally to anatomical neck of humerus
  • Strengthened by fibrous slips from tendons of rotator cuff muscles
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6
Q

What muscles are associated with the shoulder joint?

A
  • Subscapularis
  • Teres minor
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
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7
Q

Describe the synovial membrane of the shoulder joint

A
  • Lines capsule
  • Attached to margins of cartilages covering articular surfaces
  • Forms tubular sheath for tendon of biceps brachii
  • Protrudes forward through ant. wall of capsule to form subscapularis bursa (shock absorber)
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8
Q

Describe the capsule around the hip joint

A
  • Medially: attached to acetabular labrum

- Laterally: attached to intertrochanteric line of femur

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9
Q

Describe the synovial membrane of the hip joint

A
  • Covers femur neck
  • Ensheathes ligament of femur and covers acetabular fossa
  • Runs through gap in ant. wall of capsule, between pubo- and ilio-femoral ligaments forming psoas bursa beneath psoas tendon
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10
Q

Describe the bursae at the hip joint

A
  • Reduces friction and pressure between bones, tendons and muscles moving across each other
  • Iliopsoas, trochanteric, gluteus, ischiogluteal
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11
Q

Describe the bursae at the shoulder joint

A
  • Located around capsule to assist mobility

- Subacromial, sub deltoid, sub scapular, subcoracoid, coracoid

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12
Q

What are the main differences between the hip joint and shoulder joint?

A
  • Hip has a tight capsule, shoulder has a loose one

- Hip has tight ligaments, shoulder has loose

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13
Q

What ligaments are found in the shoulder?

A

Acromioclavicular, coracoacromial, coracohumeral, glenohumeral, transverse humeral ligament and Coracoid-clavicular

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14
Q

Describe the coracohumeral ligament

A
  • Attaches at base of coracoid process to greater tubercle of humerus
  • Supports part of joint capsule
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15
Q

Describe the glenohumeral ligament

A
  • Joint capsule formed by group of ligaments joining glenoid fossa and humerus
  • Main source of stability of shoulder, preventing dislocation
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16
Q

Describe the transverse humeral ligament

A
  • Spans distance between 2 tubercles of humerus

- Holds tendon of long head of biceps in bicipital groove

17
Q

Describe the coraco-clavicular ligament

A
  • Composed of trapezoid and conoid ligaments and runs from clavicle to coracoid process of scapula
  • Works with AC ligament to maintain clavicle alignment
  • Significant strength but large forces can rupture as part of ACJ injury
18
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip joint?

A
  • Ligament of head of femur (intracapsular)
  • Iliofemoral (extracapsular)
  • Pubofemoral (extracapsular)
  • Ischiofemoral (extracapsular)
19
Q

Describe the ligament of head of femur

A
  • Relatively small

- Runs from acetabular fossa to fovea of femur

20
Q

Describe the iliofemoral ligament

A
  • Arises from anterior inferior iliac spine and then bifurcates before insetting into intertrochanteric line of femur
  • Y-shaped appearance, prevents hyperextension of hip joint- strongest of 3
21
Q

Describe the pubofemoral ligament

A
  • Spans between superior pubs rami and intertrochateric line of femur, reinforcing capsule anteriorly and interiorly
  • Triangular shape and prevents excessive abduction and extension
22
Q

Describe ischiofemoral ligament

A
  • Spans between ischial body and greater trochanter of femur, reinforces capsule posteriorly
  • Spiral orientation, prevents hyperextension and holds femoral head in acetabulum
23
Q

What are the main differences between ligaments and tendons?

A
  • Ligament- bone to bone
  • Tendon- muscle to bone
  • Ligament- more injured in sports (takes many months to heal)
24
Q

What arteries are associated with the shoulder?

A
  • Subclavian
  • Axillary
  • Brachial, radial and ulnar
25
Q

Describe the subclavian artery

A
  • 1st part- origin of subclavian artery to medial border of anterior scalene
  • 2nd part- posterior to anterior scalene
  • 3rd part- lateral border of anterior scalene to lateral border of first rib
  • At lateral border of 1st rib, enters axilla and becomes axillary artery
26
Q

Describe the axillary artery

A
  • 1st part: proximal to pectoralis minor
  • 2nd part: posterior to pectoralis minor
  • 3rd part: distal to pectoralis minor
27
Q

What are the arteries that supply the hip?

A
  • Femoral

- Obturator

28
Q

Describe the femoral artery

A
  • Main artery of lower limb
  • Continuation of external iliac artery
  • Becomes femoral when external iliac crosses under inguinal ligament and enters femoral triangle
29
Q

Describe the obturator artery

A
  • Arises from internal iliac artery in pelvic region
  • Descends via obturator canal to enter to enter medial thigh
  • Bifurcates into 2 branches
30
Q

What muscles cover the shoulder?

A
  • Rotator cuff (Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor)
  • Teres major
  • Deltoid
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
31
Q

What muscles cover the hip?

A
  • Gluteal group (Maximus, medius, minimus)

- Adductor group (brevis, longus, add

Anatomy- Locomotor (3 decks)

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