the UK's evolving human landscape

Question 1

what are regional disparities

Answer 1

areas that have low population densities and low levels of economic activity

Question 2

what are three reasons for regional disparities

Answer 2

• education levels
• accessibility
• low/high paid jobs

Question 3

what is an urban core

Answer 3

areas that have high population and lots of jobs ( cities)

Question 4

what is the multiplier effect

Answer 4

people earning money, spending that money into the area therefore creating more jobs for people working in those industries. those people then get paid and spend money in the area.

Question 5

what is the population density of an urban core

Answer 5

high with many working aged people, fewer children, and a higher life expectancy

Question 6

what is the economic activities of an urban core

Answer 6

tertiary jobs - office jobs

Question 7

what is an example of an urban core

Answer 7

London

Question 8

what is a rural periphery

Answer 8

areas that have low population densities and low levels of economic activity

Question 9

what is the population density of a rural periphery and what does this mean

Answer 9

many older and fewer working people, therefore they earn no money for the government meaning the place gets more run down. younger people therefore have to migrate to cities for bigger opportunities

Question 10

what is the economic activities of a rural periphery

Answer 10

farming, tourism

Question 11

what is an example of a rural periphery

Answer 11

Cornwall

Question 12

what is the government doing to try to reduce regional disparities

Answer 12

• improvements to transport
  
  • people can get to jobs easier as well as
    transporting goods.
• EU grants
  
  • funds to help the poorest part of the
    regions whose GDP is lower than 75%
    of average
• enterprise zones
  - UK government trying to help
  companies - for example reducing
  taxes, fast internet

Question 13

what is deindustrialisation and an example

Answer 13

the reduction of industrial activity in a region or economy - factories closing down

Question 14

why have primary jobs decreased over the years in rural areas

Answer 14

• became cheaper to buy abroad
• mechanisation (machinery doing jobs meaning decrease in human jobs such as farming)

Question 15

why are tertiary jobs increasing in urban areas

Answer 15

• higher levels of education becoming available therefore higher educated jobs such as research development
• demand for better jobs (wages of these jobs are higher)

Question 16

what is demographic change

Answer 16

the structure of the population as race, age, gender

Question 17

what is national migration and an example of it

Answer 17

the movement of people within a country either permanently or semi permanently - north to south England

Question 18

what is international migration

Answer 18

the movement of people across international borders for the purpose of settlement

Question 19

what are some benefits of migration

Answer 19

• sharing and understanding of other cultures
• education levels increase
• jobs that are lacking in workers in the Uk are being filled ( doctors)
• they earn money and therefore earn taxes for the government, going back into education ( multiplier effect)

Question 20

what are some causes for population change

Answer 20

• migration rates increased
• natural increase (birth rates)
• better healthcare

Question 21

what is national retirement migration and why do people complete this

Answer 21

older people who migrate to a different part of the Uk. For example Cornwall, Devon. They go for a smaller pace of life, community.

Question 22

what are the three parts of globalisation

Answer 22

• networks (linking countries together - trading blocks - example EU)
• flows (flows of goods and services that move through networks)
• global players (the organisation that influences flows) example: TNC’s

Question 23

how has globalisation increased the UK’s economy

Answer 23

receiving money by exporting goods to different countries

Question 24

what is privatisation

Answer 24

when a government-owned business, operation, or property becomes owned by a private company for example British rail

Question 25

how has free trade effected the UK's economy

Answer 25

makes it easier to trade and therefore we are earning more money

Question 26

what is foreign direct investment

Answer 26

when large TNC's set up business in countries of need bringing in money and improving job opportunities' for people in those countries

Question 27

how does FDI effect the UK's economy

Answer 27

- if a company sets up in the UK, they will bring and pay for other services such as transport links and electricity in a certain area - they will also be spending money in our area

Question 28

what is the model called that explains the structure of Uk cities

Answer 28

the Burgess model

Question 29

draw and annotate the Burgess model

Answer 29

inner circle - CBD (central business district) - retail/ offices second circle - inner city - factories, industry third circle - inner suburb ( residential areas) - working class housing fourth circle - outer suburb - middle class housing outer circle - fringe (commuter zone)

Question 30

what are is the density, functions, land use and environment like in the CBD

Answer 30

1. extremely high - skyscrapers 2. shops, offices, pedestrian areas 3. commercial and business 4. pollution, busy, noisy, looked after, no green space

Question 31

what are is the density, functions, land use and environment like in the inner city

Answer 31

1. high density 2. tower blocks, flats, brownfield sites 3. industry, some old housing 4. run down, polluted, some green areas (purposely placed parks)

Question 32

what are is the density, functions, land use and environment like in the suburbs

Answer 32

1. less, low rise, 2 story houses 2. semi dethatched, some shops 3. residential 4. tree lined streets, countryside, woodland, peaceful, quiet

Question 33

what are some challenges people may face in an urban area

Answer 33

affordable housing access to services index of multiple deprivation

Question 34

explain how and why the struggle to find affordable housing is a challenge in rural areas

Answer 34

old people want to move to countryside and live peaceful life people who work want to move to countryside and commute to work families move there for bigger outdoor space increase demand in housing raises prices

Question 35

explain how and why there is a lack or services in rural areas

Answer 35

less demand for public transport as more people have a car as it is necessary to get around. public transport is less frequent and ticket fares are more expensive impacting people who are unable to drive - increase pollution - Dr surgeries and hospitals have declined in rural areas - low quality of life

Question 36

why is there sometimes a higher level of deprivation in rural areas

Answer 36

becasue retired people aren't paying taxes back into the economy and therefore government cant fix up the area

Question 37

explain how economic change has affected one rural area you have studies (4 marks) - use Cornwall

Answer 37

- closure of primary jobs - few well paying full time jobs - less tax - demand for housing - increase price - not able to afford - migrate away

Question 38

why did farmers have no choice but to diversify

Answer 38

- cheaper for supermarkets to buy produce abroad - price of feed gone up and not getting paid from supermarkets - people spend most of their days working in urban areas - supermarkets pay low prices

Question 39

how has the farm diversified

Answer 39

fishing holidays holiday homes horse riding cooking courses stabling horses bird shows

Question 40

what is a green scheme

Answer 40

sustainable and renewable schemes that don't damage the environment