the UK's evolving human landscape Flashcards
what are regional disparities
areas that have low population densities and low levels of economic activity
what are three reasons for regional disparities
- education levels
- accessibility
- low/high paid jobs
what is an urban core
areas that have high population and lots of jobs ( cities)
what is the multiplier effect
people earning money, spending that money into the area therefore creating more jobs for people working in those industries. those people then get paid and spend money in the area.
what is the population density of an urban core
high with many working aged people, fewer children, and a higher life expectancy
what is the economic activities of an urban core
tertiary jobs - office jobs
what is an example of an urban core
London
what is a rural periphery
areas that have low population densities and low levels of economic activity
what is the population density of a rural periphery and what does this mean
many older and fewer working people, therefore they earn no money for the government meaning the place gets more run down. younger people therefore have to migrate to cities for bigger opportunities
what is the economic activities of a rural periphery
farming, tourism
what is an example of a rural periphery
Cornwall
what is the government doing to try to reduce regional disparities
- improvements to transport
- people can get to jobs easier as well as
transporting goods.
- people can get to jobs easier as well as
- EU grants
- funds to help the poorest part of the
regions whose GDP is lower than 75%
of average
- funds to help the poorest part of the
- enterprise zones
- UK government trying to help
companies - for example reducing
taxes, fast internet
what is deindustrialisation and an example
the reduction of industrial activity in a region or economy - factories closing down
why have primary jobs decreased over the years in rural areas
- became cheaper to buy abroad
- mechanisation (machinery doing jobs meaning decrease in human jobs such as farming)
why are tertiary jobs increasing in urban areas
- higher levels of education becoming available therefore higher educated jobs such as research development
- demand for better jobs (wages of these jobs are higher)
what is demographic change
the structure of the population as race, age, gender
what is national migration and an example of it
the movement of people within a country either permanently or semi permanently - north to south England
what is international migration
the movement of people across international borders for the purpose of settlement
what are some benefits of migration
- sharing and understanding of other cultures
- education levels increase
- jobs that are lacking in workers in the Uk are being filled ( doctors)
- they earn money and therefore earn taxes for the government, going back into education ( multiplier effect)
what are some causes for population change
- migration rates increased
- natural increase (birth rates)
- better healthcare
what is national retirement migration and why do people complete this
older people who migrate to a different part of the Uk. For example Cornwall, Devon. They go for a smaller pace of life, community.
what are the three parts of globalisation
- networks (linking countries together - trading blocks - example EU)
- flows (flows of goods and services that move through networks)
- global players (the organisation that influences flows) example: TNC’s
how has globalisation increased the UK’s economy
receiving money by exporting goods to different countries
what is privatisation
when a government-owned business, operation, or property becomes owned by a private company for example British rail
how has free trade effected the UK’s economy
makes it easier to trade and therefore we are earning more money
what is foreign direct investment
when large TNC’s set up business in countries of need bringing in money and improving job opportunities’ for people in those countries
how does FDI effect the UK’s economy
- if a company sets up in the UK, they will bring and pay for other services such as transport links and electricity in a certain area
- they will also be spending money in our area
what is the model called that explains the structure of Uk cities
the Burgess model
draw and annotate the Burgess model
inner circle - CBD (central business district)
- retail/ offices
second circle - inner city
- factories, industry
third circle - inner suburb ( residential areas)
- working class housing
fourth circle - outer suburb
- middle class housing
outer circle - fringe (commuter zone)
what are is the density, functions, land use and environment like in the CBD
- extremely high - skyscrapers
- shops, offices, pedestrian areas
- commercial and business
- pollution, busy, noisy, looked after, no green space
what are is the density, functions, land use and environment like in the inner city
- high density
- tower blocks, flats, brownfield sites
- industry, some old housing
- run down, polluted, some green areas (purposely placed parks)
what are is the density, functions, land use and environment like in the suburbs
- less, low rise, 2 story houses
- semi dethatched, some shops
- residential
- tree lined streets, countryside, woodland, peaceful, quiet
what are some challenges people may face in an urban area
affordable housing
access to services
index of multiple deprivation
explain how and why the struggle to find affordable housing is a challenge in rural areas
old people want to move to countryside and live peaceful life
people who work want to move to countryside and commute to work
families move there for bigger outdoor space
increase demand in housing raises prices
explain how and why there is a lack or services in rural areas
less demand for public transport as more people have a car as it is necessary to get around. public transport is less frequent and ticket fares are more expensive impacting people who are unable to drive - increase pollution
- Dr surgeries and hospitals have declined in rural areas - low quality of life
why is there sometimes a higher level of deprivation in rural areas
becasue retired people aren’t paying taxes back into the economy and therefore government cant fix up the area
explain how economic change has affected one rural area you have studies (4 marks)
- use Cornwall
- closure of primary jobs
- few well paying full time jobs
- less tax
- demand for housing
- increase price
- not able to afford
- migrate away
why did farmers have no choice but to diversify
- cheaper for supermarkets to buy produce abroad
- price of feed gone up and not getting paid from supermarkets
- people spend most of their days working in urban areas
- supermarkets pay low prices
how has the farm diversified
fishing holidays
holiday homes
horse riding
cooking courses
stabling horses
bird shows
what is a green scheme
sustainable and renewable schemes that don’t damage the environment
