The Tudors and Stuarts Flashcards
Describe Henry VII’s use of the policy of centralised power
He deliberately strengthened the central administration of England and reduced the power of the nobles. He was thrifty and built up the monarchy’s financial reserves. When he died, his son Henry VIII continued the policy
Why did Henry VII use the policy of centralised power
After his victory in the Wars of the Roses, Henry VII wanted to make sure that England remained peaceful and that his position as king was secure
What was Henry VIII most famous for
Breaking away from the Church of Rome and marrying six times
How was the Church of England established
To divorce his first wife, Henry needed the approval of the Pope. When the Pope refuse, Henry established the Church of England
What was different about the Church of England
The king, no the Pope, would have the power to appoint bishops and order how people should worship
What was happening at the same time that the Church of England was being established
The Reformation was happening across Europe. This was a movement against the authority of the Pope and the ideas and practices of the Roman Catholic Church
Which religious group gradually gained strength in England, Wales and Scotland during the 16th century
Protestantism
What did the Protestants do
They formed their own churches, read the Bible in their own language instead of in Latin; they did not pray to saints or at shrines and they believed that a personal relationship with God was more important than submitting to the authority of the Church
What was the reaction against English attempts to impose Protestantism in Ireland
Alongside efforts to introduce the English system of laws about the inheritance of land, attempts by the English to impose Protestantism on the Irish led to rebellion from the Irish chieftains , and much brutal fighting followed
What changes were made in English relations to Wales during the reign of Henry VIII
Wales became formally united with England by the Laws in Wales Acts. The Welsh sent representatives to the House of Commons and the Welsh legal system was reformed
Who was Henry VIII’s successor
His 9 year old son Edward VI
Describe the reign of Edward VI
Edward VI was strongly Protestant. During his reign, the Book of Common Prayer was written to be used in the Church of England. A version of this book is still used in some churched today. Edward died at the age of 15 after ruling for just over 6 years
Who was Edward VI’s successor
Edward’s half sister Mary
Describe the reign of Queen Mary
Mary was a devout Catholic and persecuted Protestants (for this reason she became known as ‘Bloody Mary’). Mary also died after a short reign
Who succeeded Mary
Her half sister Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry VII and Anne Boleyn
What were the religious requirements during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I
She re-established the Church of England and everyone had to attend their local church
There were laws about the type of religious services and the prayers which could be said but Queen Elizabeth did not ask about people’s real beliefs
1588
The English defeat the Spanish Armada heightening the popularity of Queen Elizabeth I
Spanish Armada
A large fleet of ships sent by Spain to conquer England and restore Catholicism
1560
The predominantly Protestant Scottish Parliament abolish the Pope’s authority
and Roman Catholic religious services are criminalised
Mary Stuart (Mary Queen of Scots)
Catholic Queen of Scotland
A week old when coronated
Most of childhood spent in France
Suspected to have killed her husband and was later executed, after being imprisoned for 20 years, on the accusation of plotting against Elizabeth
James VI of Scotland
The protestant son of Mary Stuart and cousin to Queen Elizabeth
Golden Hind
The ship Sir Francis Drake, a commander in the defeat of the Spanish Armada
One of first ships to circumnavigate the world
5 characteristics of the Elizabethan period
Growing patriotism
Explorers sought new trade routes
Formation of England’s naval tradition
Richness of poetry and drama (especially of Shakespeare)
English settlers begin to colonies the eastern coast of America
1603
Queen Elizabeth I dies
King James VI of Scotland becomes King James I of England, Wales and Ireland but Scotland remained a separate country
