the troubles in Northern Ireland

Question 1

The Heath government inherited

Answer 1

huge problems in Northern Ireland in 1970

Question 2

There was an explosion of?

Answer 2

sectarian (divisions in society-in Northern Ireland based on religion) violence, the British army struggling to keep the peace
-The political situation in Belfast was close to a complete breakdown

Question 3

as situation deteriorated number of parliamentary organisations sprang up on both sides.
IRA

Answer 3

irish republican army- split between the official IRA and the provisional IRA in 197-
republican

Question 4

INLA

Answer 4

irish national liberation army -formed out of official IRA in 1974
republican

Question 5

UDA

Answer 5

Ulster Defence Association
loyalist

Question 6

UVF

Answer 6

ulster volunteer force
loyalist

Question 7

Edward Heath’s government made

Answer 7

strenuous attempts to find a politcial solution

Question 8

since 1912, the ulster unionists had always been part of the conservative unionists party + tended to support them
At first who did Heath back?

Answer 8

Brian Faulkner, the UUP(ulster unionist party) leader who led the belfast givernment= going along policies of imposing night time curfews + introduction of internment in 1971

Question 9

policies of imposing night time curfews + introduction of internment in 1971 were ineffective as?

Answer 9

security measures and they alienated the nationalist communities - 95% of those interned 1971-75 were Catholics

Question 10

may 1971

Answer 10

3 british soldiers killed = provisional IRA thought to be responsible

Question 11

Aug 1971

Answer 11

300 people interned

Question 12

Dec 1971

Answer 12

McGurk’s bar- 15 killed by UVF bomb

Question 13

internment

Answer 13

locking up suspects without trial

Question 14

Jan 1972

Answer 14

bloody sunday-13 killed by British army

Question 15

Feb 1972

Answer 15

Aldershot Barracks in England- 7 killed by IRA bomb

Question 16

in dec 1972 in the irish parliament in Dublin how many were killed by loyalist bombs?

Answer 16

2 killed by loyalist bomb

Question 17

when was the Sunningdale conference?

Answer 17

Dec 1973

Question 18

these measures meant the British army came to be regarded as an enemy occupying power by?

Answer 18

Catholics and nationalists

Question 19

when was the situation made worse?

Answer 19

on 30th january 1972

Question 20

what had the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association organised in jan 1972

Answer 20

a march to protest against internment

Question 21

what did attempts to control the march result in?
how many unarmed civilians shot and how many killed?

Answer 21

British soldiers firing live ammunition
-26 unarmed civilians were shot = 13 being killed on the day

Question 22

when 26 unarmed civilians were shot and 13 killed what was this day known as ?

Answer 22

bloody sunday

Question 23

bloody sunday - The Widgery Tribunal reported in April 1972 that?

Answer 23

the army had acted in self-defence but it was widely considered a whitewash
-new enquiry set up by tony Blair in 1998
-Saville enquiry reported in 2010 found that the deaths were ‘unjustified and unjustifiable’- British gov issued an apology

Question 24

Martin Mcguinness

Answer 24

member of the provisional IRA in the early 1970s=claims to have left organisation in 1974
-elected as MP for Sinn Fein 1997
-chief negotiator of Sinn Feom data talks that led to good Friday agreement in 1998
-later became deputy first minister in devolved Northern Irish assembly after 2007

Question 25

following bloody Sunday, what happened to the British embassy in Dublin?

Answer 25

it was burned down

Question 26

what happened to support for the IRA

Answer 26

it grew + they were able to raise lot of funds in the US

Question 27

1972 turned into bloodiest year of troubles
how many explosions

Answer 27

1382 explosions

Question 28

1972 turned into bloodiest year of troubles
how many shooting incidents

Answer 28

10,628

Question 29

1972 turned into bloodiest year of troubles
how many people killed

Answer 29

480

Question 30

In March 1972 what did Heath do to the Stormont parliament?

Answer 30

suspended it + bought in direct rule from Westminister appointing Willie Whitelaw as secretary of state