the troubles in Northern Ireland Flashcards
The Heath government inherited
huge problems in Northern Ireland in 1970
There was an explosion of?
sectarian (divisions in society-in Northern Ireland based on religion) violence, the British army struggling to keep the peace
-The political situation in Belfast was close to a complete breakdown
as situation deteriorated number of parliamentary organisations sprang up on both sides.
IRA
irish republican army- split between the official IRA and the provisional IRA in 197-
republican
INLA
irish national liberation army -formed out of official IRA in 1974
republican
UDA
Ulster Defence Association
loyalist
UVF
ulster volunteer force
loyalist
Edward Heath’s government made
strenuous attempts to find a politcial solution
since 1912, the ulster unionists had always been part of the conservative unionists party + tended to support them
At first who did Heath back?
Brian Faulkner, the UUP(ulster unionist party) leader who led the belfast givernment= going along policies of imposing night time curfews + introduction of internment in 1971
policies of imposing night time curfews + introduction of internment in 1971 were ineffective as?
security measures and they alienated the nationalist communities - 95% of those interned 1971-75 were Catholics
may 1971
3 british soldiers killed = provisional IRA thought to be responsible
Aug 1971
300 people interned
Dec 1971
McGurk’s bar- 15 killed by UVF bomb
internment
locking up suspects without trial
Jan 1972
bloody sunday-13 killed by British army
Feb 1972
Aldershot Barracks in England- 7 killed by IRA bomb
in dec 1972 in the irish parliament in Dublin how many were killed by loyalist bombs?
2 killed by loyalist bomb
when was the Sunningdale conference?
Dec 1973
these measures meant the British army came to be regarded as an enemy occupying power by?
Catholics and nationalists
when was the situation made worse?
on 30th january 1972
what had the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association organised in jan 1972
a march to protest against internment
what did attempts to control the march result in?
how many unarmed civilians shot and how many killed?
British soldiers firing live ammunition
-26 unarmed civilians were shot = 13 being killed on the day
when 26 unarmed civilians were shot and 13 killed what was this day known as ?
bloody sunday
bloody sunday - The Widgery Tribunal reported in April 1972 that?
the army had acted in self-defence but it was widely considered a whitewash
-new enquiry set up by tony Blair in 1998
-Saville enquiry reported in 2010 found that the deaths were ‘unjustified and unjustifiable’- British gov issued an apology
Martin Mcguinness
member of the provisional IRA in the early 1970s=claims to have left organisation in 1974
-elected as MP for Sinn Fein 1997
-chief negotiator of Sinn Feom data talks that led to good Friday agreement in 1998
-later became deputy first minister in devolved Northern Irish assembly after 2007
