The Thyroid Hormones

Question 1

Thyroid

Answer 1

located in the neck

-butterfly shaped

Question 2

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 2

excess of hormone
eg graves disease
-autoimmune disease
-Antibody that immitates the effects of TSH is produced
-this leads to excess stimulation of thyroid and release of T3 and T4

Question 3

T3 and T4 effects on cells

Answer 3

> 95% bound to plasma protein therefore those ones cannot get through membrane

• nuclear receptors are intracellular
• inside the cells, T4 is converted into T3 which acts on the receptor
• leads to mRNA and protein synthesis

Question 4

Thyroid Hormone Functions

Answer 4

• increasing basal metabolic rate
• increase in heat production
• increase in glucose and amino acid uptake
• mitochondria increase
• mRNA polymerase activity
• protein synthesis

Question 5

Hypothyroidism

Answer 5

• lack of hormone
• hashimoto’s thyroiditis
• in infancy =dwarfism/retardation
• Adult = depressed metabolic rate
• tiredness and lethargy