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Sem 2 Year 1 Anatomy > The Thorax > Flashcards

The Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Manubrium depression

A

Jugular notch

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2
Q

Fossae of manubrium articulates with

A

Medial end of clavicles (sternoclaviucvlar joint)

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3
Q

Lateral ends of manubrium

A

Facets, articulate with costal cartilage of 1st rib
Demifacets articulate with costal cartilage of 2nd rib

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4
Q

Sternal angle

A

Manubrium articulates with body, marks level of 2nd costal cartilage

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5
Q

Articulate facets of body of sternum

A

Costal cartilages of ribs 3-6
Demifacets 2nd and 7th rib

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6
Q

Tip of xiphoid process at

A

T10 vertebra

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7
Q

When does the xiphoid process completely ossify?

A

40

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8
Q

A fracture of several pieces

A

Comminuted fracture

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9
Q

Sternum fracture

A

Comminuted fracture. Fragments not usually displaced due to attachment to pectoralis muscles

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10
Q

How many ribs

A

12 paired bones

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11
Q

Where do the ribs articulate and terminate

A

Articulate with vertebral column posteriorly
Terminate anteriorly as costal cartilage

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12
Q

Parts of a typical rib

A

Head (2x articulate facet, one articulating with vertebra above, one articulating with numerically corresponding vertebra)
Neck (tubercle with facet for articulation with transverse process of corresponding vertebra)
Body (costal groove, for intercostal vein/artery/nerve)

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13
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1,2,10,11,12

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14
Q

Rib 1 shape

A

Short and wide
2 grooves to make way for subclavian vessels

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15
Q

Rib 1 facets

A

One facet for articulation with vertebra

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16
Q

Rib 2 shape

A

Thin and long
Rough area on upper surface (serratus anterior muscle originates)

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17
Q

Rib 2 facets

A

2 articulate facets

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18
Q

Rib 10 facet

A

One, articulation with numerically corresponding vertebra

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19
Q

Rib 11/12 shape

A

No neck

20
Q

Rib 11/12 facet

A

One facet, articulation with corresponding vertebra

21
Q

Costotransverse joint

A

Between tubercle of rib and transverse costal facet of corresponding vertebra

22
Q

Costovertebral joint

A

Between head of rib, superior costal facet of corresponding vertebra and inferior costal facet of vertebra above

23
Q

Anterior articulation of ribs 1-7

A

Attach independently to sternum

24
Q

Anterior articulation of ribs 8-10

A

Attach to costal cartilages superior to them

25
Q

Anterior articulation of ribs 11 and 12

A

Floating ribs. Do not have anterior attachment, end in abdominal musculature

26
Q

Flail chest

A

2 or more fractures in 2 or more adjacent ribs, no longer control over thoracic muscles. Impairs full expansion of rib cage affecting oxygen content of blood

27
Q

Thoracic spine

A

12 vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs, between cervical and lumbar segment

28
Q

Demifacets of thoracic vertebrae articulate with

A

Head of ribs

29
Q

Costal facets on transverse process of thoracic vertebrae articulate with

A

Tubercle of ribs T1-T10

30
Q

Spinous process increases

A

Protection to spinal cord

31
Q

Facets on T2-T9

A

Demi facets

32
Q

Superior costal facet articulates with

A

Head of adjacent rib

33
Q

Inferior costal facet articulates with

A

Head of rib below

34
Q

Nose

A

First site where air is filtered, warmed and moistened

35
Q

Pharynx

A

Funnel shaped tube that extends from base of skill to oesophagus

36
Q

Larynx

A

Prevents aspiration during swallowing and produces sound

37
Q

Trachea

A

Kept open by horseshoe shaped cartilages, anterior to oesophagus

38
Q

Primary bronchi

A

Begins at the carina, kept open by horseshoe shaped cartilages

39
Q

Secondary/lobar bronchi

A

Supply lung lobes, kept open by plates of cartilage interspersed by smooth muscle

40
Q

Tertiary/segmental bronchi

A

Supply bronchopulmonary segments, kept open by small plates of cartilage interspersed with smooth muscle

41
Q

Bronchiole

A

Lined by simple ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells, contains smooth muscle but no cartilage

42
Q

Terminal bronchiole

A

Lined by simple ciliated columnar epithelium, contains smooth muscle but no cartilage

43
Q

Respiratory bronchiole

A

Lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, has a few alveoli extending from the lumen

44
Q

Alveolar sac

A

Clusters of alveoli

45
Q

Alveolus

A

Smallest structure of respiratory tract, designed for gas exchange

Sem 2 Year 1 Anatomy (9 decks)

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