the theory of evolution

Question 1

what is the relationship between genetics and evolution

Answer 1

evolution is defined as change in a species over time
that happens because of genetic variation
natural selection occurs

Question 2

mutations are

Answer 2

changes to genetic information

Question 3

mutations can be

Answer 3

neutral - no selective advantage or disadvantage
positive/beneficial- selective advantage + inc reproductive success
negative/harmful - selective disadvantage + dec reproductive success

Question 4

scientific theory

Answer 4

an explanation of something based on a large body of evidence

Question 5

ideas on evolution (list all the people in order)

Answer 5

leclerc/buffon
malthus
lamarck
cuvier
lyell
wallace
leakey
jay gould
jablonka

Question 6

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

Answer 6

1707-1788
comparative anatomy –> similarities betw. humans and apes but rejected common descent
biogeography –> despite similar environments, diff regions have diff plants/animals

Question 7

Thomas Malthus

Answer 7

1766-1834
demographer/population growth expert
published The Principle of Population
Malthusian theory: population will always grow to the limit of subsistence

Question 8

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Answer 8

1744-1829
Lamarckism –> inheritance of aquired characteristics
organisms just keep evolving from simple to more and more complicated, never going extinct
they also evolve during their lifespan (no natural selection)

Question 9

Georges Cuvier

Answer 9

1769-1832
catastrophism + sudden changes could eliminate species
affirmed extinctions could be a reality (but weirdly didnt believe in them?)

Question 10

Charles Lyell

Answer 10

1797-1875
geologist
uniformitarianism –> current geological processes are the same as those in the past
studied Earth’s structure

Question 11

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 11

1823-1913
came to the conclusion of the theory of evolution individually
biogeography

Question 12

mary leakey

Answer 12

1913-1996
paleanthropology –> study of human fossils/evolution
she discovered many new species as well as a new genus

Question 13

steven jay gould

Answer 13

1941-2002
paleontologist
punctuated equilibrium theory (1972) –> species stay the same for long periods and when change occurs they are able to adapt

Question 14

eva jablonka

Answer 14

1958-present
evolutionary theorist + physicist
epigenetics (heredity)
she had a multidimensional view of inheritance

Question 15

epigenetics

Answer 15

how your gene expression can depend on your environment