patterns of evolution - 8.3

Question 1

3 patterns of evolution + 1

Answer 1

divergent evolution
convergent evolution
coevolution
adaptive radiation

Question 2

adaptive radiation

Answer 2

• the rapid evolution of a single species into a number of distinct but closely related species
• each new species lives in a different ecological niche with different pressures

Question 3

when does adaptive radiation often occur

Answer 3

after mass extinctions (bottlenecking) or expansion to unoccupied regions (founder effect)

Question 4

2 examples of adaptive radiation

Answer 4

darwin’s finches
cichlid fishes of the african great lakes

Question 5

divergent evolution definition

Answer 5

populations that share a common ancestor evolve into many different forms (minimal competition)

Question 6

divergent evolution examples (2)

Answer 6

marsupials of australia (also adaptive radiation)
rodents of ontario

Question 7

convergent evolution definition

Answer 7

two or more species that DO NOT share a common ancestor evolve similar traits due to similar environments, but retain their evolutionary past

Question 8

convergent evolution examples

Answer 8

streamlined body shapes of sharks and dolphins
bat wings and insect wings

Question 9

coevolution definition

Answer 9

when two species are dependent on one another, one can change in direct response to the other

Question 10

what is an evolutionary arms race, and how does it start

Answer 10

starting with coevolution, an evolutionary arms race is where coevolving genes must constantly adapt and counter-adapt

Question 11

examples of coevolution

Answer 11

leaf-cutter ants and fungi
clownfish and anemones
flowers and pollinators