The Theory Of Demand (Week 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is utility

A

Satisfaction

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2
Q

What is a consumer’s objective in an economy

A

To maximise satisfaction (utility) from consumption given these constraints

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3
Q

What does the theory of demand explain

A

The relationship between price and quantity demanded

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4
Q

What does the theory of demand assume

A

That when the price of a good or service falls, the quantity demanded increases

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5
Q

What does lower prices encourage the consumers to do

A

Increase the quantity

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6
Q

What type of relationship is between price and quantity demanded

A

Inverse relationship (downward sloping as price decreases, quantity increases)

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7
Q

What is the income effect

A

Assuming that income is fixed, a fall in price will cause the consumer to increase the quantity as the consumer has more to spend in real terms

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8
Q

What is the substitution effect

A

A lower price will make the good or service relatively cheaper than alternative goods and services (substitutes), increasing the quantity demanded

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9
Q

The demand curve is drawn assuming what

A

That all factors apart from price which could affect demand are held constant (ceteris paribus). Aka price is the only variable

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10
Q

What is expansion of demand

A

An increase in quantity demanded (point is moved down the line on the graph)

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11
Q

What is contraction of demand

A

An increase in price leads to a decrease in quantity demanded. It is shown by a movement along the demand curve (upwards)

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12
Q

Contraction on a graph=

A

Upwards

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13
Q

Expansion of demand =

A

Downwards

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14
Q

What does marginal mean

A

Additional

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15
Q

What is the theory of diminishing marginal utility

A

It states that as more of a good or service in consumed, the utility from each additional unit (marginal utility) will decrease

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16
Q

When does the marginal utility become negative

A

If too much of a good or service is consumed, leading to disutility

17
Q

For the first unit of a good or service..

A

Consumers are willing to pay a higher price

18
Q

What is the price that consumers are willing and able to pay, equal to

A

The marginal utility (for any given unit), because they are only prepared to pay an amount that reflects the satisfaction that they get from consuming it

19
Q

What is effective demand

A

(Demand) - the amount that consumers are willing and able to buy of a good or service at any given price

20
Q

What do you say about demand if the price rises/falls

A

Contracts/ expands

21
Q

What do you say about demand if it shifts to the right/ left

A

Increases/ decreases

22
Q

What does TRIPE stand for and do

A

Taste, related goods, income, population, expectations.

What can cause a shift in demand