The Testes Flashcards
Varicocele
What
Symptoms
Complications
Varicose veins in the testes 1/7 men Usually symtomless Slight dysfunction at the end of the day -> dragging sensation Bag of worms
Infertility
Small testes
Hydrocele
What
Why
Collection of fluid in tunica vaginalis
Smooth, fluctuant, transiluminates
Congenital-> failure of processes vaginalis obliteration
Mostly unknown cause Infection Inflammation Injury Tumour
Epididymal cyst
What
Symptoms
How
Smooth extra testicular cyst in the head of the epididymis
Benign
>40
Well defined, fluctuant lumps which transiluminates
Separate to testes
Asymptomatic-> no treatment
Discomfort-> aspirate
Recurrence-> excision
Testicular torsion What Symptoms Who How
1/4000
Epididymo-orchitis
What
Symptoms
How
Inflammation of the epididymis and or testes
15-30 >60
UTI/STI
Mumps
Prostate op.
Preceding history Dysuria Frequency Haematuria Acute sectoral pain and swelling Positive blood culture and urine culture
Bed rest and scrotal elevation
Tetracycline/erythromycin
Testes tumour
Epidemiology and symptoms
1-2% of male cancers
Young males
Painless testicular mass
Met symptoms
Testes tumour seminoma
30% Malignant 95% survival 5y Originates in the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubule Peak at 30-40y Secrete lactate dehydrogenase
Tests tumours teratoma
60% Multiple germ cell layers Malignant 90% survive 5y Peak at 20-30y
Testes tumours investigations
Tumour markers
AFP and b-hCG
USS
CT scan
Testes tumour management
Orchidectomy and biopsy contra lateral
+- chemo
Undescended testes What Symptoms Complications How
30% of premature babies
Rarely descend after 1y
Migration failure
Empty scrotal sac
Complication:
- infertility
- torsion
- trauma
- inguinal hernia
- malignancy
Bring testicle and blood supply down or orchidectomy
