Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History French Revolution > The Terror 1792-1794 > Flashcards

The Terror 1792-1794 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
French flashcards AP® U.S. History flashcards AP® French flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
1
Q

The National Convention

A

Created to replace the Constituent Assembly in September 1792. All men aged 21 or above had the right to vote and to stand to be a deputy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Total number of deputies elected to represent Paris in the National Convention.

A

24

All 24 were radicals, and included militant Jacobin leaders such as Robespierre, Danton, Marat and Collot d’Herbois.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The voter turnout in the elections for the National Convention.

A

6%

Voter intimidation, especially of known royalists or constitutional monarchists, kept participation low.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Guiana

A

French colony to which refractory priests were to be deported following a law passed after the downfall of the monarchy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Republic

A

Officially declared on 21 September 1792 (later became the first day in the republican calendar).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Montagnards

A

A group of around 300 radical deputies in the National Convention. Many of them chose to sit together on the highest benches on the left hand side of the speaker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The Plain

A

A group of around 250 unaligned deputies in the National Convention. Their support was crucial in enabling the Mountain to seize and hold power during the Terror.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Girondins

A

A group of around 150 moderate deputies led by Jean-Jacques Brissot. They were the leading ministers in the new government formed after the fall of the monarchy, but increasingly outvoted by the Montagnards in debates in the National Convention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

September Massacres

A

Massacre of suspects in Parisian jails in September 1792, in response to fears of a Prussian invasion following the Brunswick Declaration. At least 1,400 killed without trial.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Danton

A

Minister of Justice at the time of the September Massacres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bouveurs de sang

A

‘Drinkers of blood’. Girondin nickname for the Montagnards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Battle of Valmy

A

Crucial victory for the French army on 20 September 1792, halting the advance of the Prussian army.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

General Dumouriez

A

French general who won the Battle of Jemappes on 6 October 1792. Invaded the Austrian Netherlands, but subsequently forced to retreat. Defected to the Austrians in April 1793.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Battle of Neerwinden

A

French defeat in March 1793. Austrian forces forced the French to retreat from the Low Countries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Size of the Allied army threatening Paris by the summer of 1793.

A

160,000
The British and Austrian commanders opted to divide their forces rather than coordinating their attacks, which proved to be a mistake.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Armoire de fer

A

Evidence presented against Louis at his trial in December 1792 showing his treasonable correspondence with the Austrian royal family during the war of 1792.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Number of Convention deputies who found Louis guilty.

A

693

Marat had proposed that the vote should be public (appel nominal). No deputy voted that Louis was innocent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Appeal to the people

A

Proposal of the Girondins in the National Convention for a referendum on the sentencing of Louis following his trial. Many Girondins supported exile rather than death for the former king.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

361-319

A

Votes for and against the death penalty in the final vote on sentencing in January 1793.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rebellion in the Vendée

A

A huge uprising in western France which broke out in March 1793. The rebels opposed anti-Catholic reforms, the execution of Louis and the demands for a levy of soldiers to serve in the French army.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The Committee of General Security

A

A committee of twelve members of the Convention established in October 1792 to maintain law and order and oversee the administration of the political police.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The Committee of Public Safety

A

Created on 6 April 1793 to protect the revolution against internal and external enemies, with powers to appoint and dismiss military commanders and issue arrest warrants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The Revolutionary Tribunal

A

A special court established in March 1793 to try suspected enemies of the revolution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Antoine Fouquier-Tinville

A

Chief prosecutor of the Revolutionary Tribunal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Representatives-on-mission

A

Deputies responsible for suppressing opposition and enforcing revolutionary laws in the provinces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Watch committees

A

Groups established in each local area to report suspicious persons to the Committee of Public Safety.

27
Q

The Law of 19 March, 1793

A

Law against armed rebellion in France. Any rebels captured under arms faced summary execution. Unarmed suspects could be sentenced to death following a trial.

28
Q

Jean-Paul Marat

A

Radical politician: impeached by the National Convention in April 1793, but acquitted by the revolutionary tribunal.

29
Q

The Maximum

A

A law setting a maximum price for grain and bread, passed by the Convention on 4 May 1793 following a demonstration of 8,000 sans-culottes in Paris on 1 May.

30
Q

Le Père Duchesne

A

Extreme newspaper edited by Hébert, which encouraged de-Christianization and violence against ‘traitors’.

31
Q

29 May 1793

A

Journée on which 80,000 National Guardsmen and sans-culottes demanded that the Convention arrest Girondin deputies, create ‘revolutionary armies’ and impose a General Maximum.

32
Q

Journée of 2 June 1793

A

The expulsion and arrest of 29 Girondin deputies from the National Convention. The other demands of the sans-culottes were not granted.

33
Q

Federalist revolts

A

Uprisings that took place in 60 out of 85 French departments in the summer of 1793

34
Q

Lyon

A

France’s second city; rose in rebellion against the National Convention on 2 June. Suppressed in October 1793.

35
Q

Maximilian Robespierre

A

‘Incorruptible’ deputy appointed to the Committee of Public Safety in July 1793.

36
Q

Antoine St-Just

A

Key ally of Robespierre on the Committee of Public Safety. In public he argued that ‘leniency is ferocious because it threatens the Fatherland’. Privately he wrote, ‘it is not yet time to do good’.

37
Q

Constitution of 1793

A

Constitution based on universal suffrage and workers’ rights passed in June 1793. The constitution was suspended in October, when the National Convention declared that the government should remain ‘revolutionary until the peace’.

38
Q

Charlotte Corday

A

A federalist who assassinated Marat on 13 July 1793

39
Q

Toulon

A

Port town in the hands of federalist rebels. In August 1793, the British fleet were invited to occupy the port.

40
Q

Levée en Masse

A

Conscription of 500,000 men into the French army and mobilisation of the state for total war.

41
Q

Lazare Carnot

A

Driving force behind the war effort on the Committee of Public Safety in 1793 and 1794. Fought with the French army at the Battle of Wattignies in October 1793, in which the Austrians were defeated.

42
Q

Robert Lindet

A

Member of the Committee of Public Safety who ran the Subsistence Committee, ensuring that the army and the cities were kept well-supplied with food during the Terror

43
Q

Joseph Fouché and Collot d’Herbois

A

Ordered 1,800 executions in Lyon as representatives-on-mission in the autumn of 1793. Both men later conspired in the downfall of Robespierre, fearing that they would be held accountable for their actions in Lyon.

44
Q

The Law of Suspects

A

A law passed by the National Convention in September 1793 in response to pressure from the sans-culottes. Led to the arrest of up to 500,000 people suspected of counter-revolutionary activity across France.

45
Q

Show trials

A

Well-publicised trials and executions of leading figures in France. Marie Antoinette, Philippe Egalité and the Girondin deputies were all sentenced to death in October and November 1793.

46
Q

Enragés

A

Radical journalists such as Roux and Hébert, who called for government to be placed in the hands of the Paris Commune and for further attacks on enemies of the revolution.

47
Q

The Paris Commune

A

Radical city government of Paris; took a leading role in the political and anticlerical protests of September 1793. Purged following the downfall of the Hébertists, and packed with Robespierre’s supporters.

48
Q

Revolutionary armies

A

Armed groups of radicals who led the process of de-Christianization outside Paris.

49
Q

The General Maximum

A

Maximum price on basic commodities introduced on 29 September 1793.

50
Q

De-Christianisation

A

Unofficial attempts to destroy the influence of the Catholic Church in France.

51
Q

The Cult of Reason

A

An alternative to the Catholic Church, supported by many radical atheists in the Paris Commune, and some deputies in the National Convention. Hébert organised the Festival of Reason in November 1793.

52
Q

The Law of Frimaire

A

End of the ‘anarchic’ period of the Terror. Committee of Public Safety acquired the power to purge local government officials, recall representatives-on-mission and abolish the revolutionary armies.

53
Q

Noyades

A

One of the methods used by Carrier against rebels in the Vendée for their part in the uprising of 1793. Priests and rebel leaders were tied to holed boats and drowned in the River Loire.

54
Q

The proportion of all executions in the Terror that took place in the Vendée

A

53%
(8713 out of 16,594). It is estimated that tens of thousands more were killed as a result of the ‘scorched earth’ policy of General Turreau’s ‘hell columns’.

55
Q

The Hébertists

A

Radical supporters of Hébert, influential in the Paris Commune and in the Cordeliers Club: executed in March 1794.

56
Q

The Indulgents

A

Group in the National Convention, led by Danton, arguing for a de-escalation in the Terror: executed in April 1794.

57
Q

Le Vieux Cordelier

A

Indulgent newspaper edited by Camille Desmoulins.

58
Q

General Police Bureau

A

Police force in Paris that reported directly to Robespierre, bypassing the Committee of Public Safety. Part of his attempt to centralise the process of dealing with political crimes and suspects during the ‘Great Terror’.

59
Q

Law of Prairal

A

Law drawn up by Robespierre and Couthon, and presented to the Convention without having been ratified by other members of the committee. The law intensified the Terror: there were 1594 executions in June-July 1794, and the proportion of death of trials in Paris that resulted in a death sentence rose to 80%.

60
Q

The Cult of the Supreme Being

A

A religion introduced by Robespierre in response to de-Christianization. All other religions were banned, and a Festival of the Supreme Being was held on 8 June 1794.

61
Q

Battle of Fleurus

A

Military victory over the First Coalition on 26 June 1794, which enabled the France to conquer the Austrian Netherlands and destroy the Dutch Republic. Led to further calls for a relaxation of the Terror.

62
Q

9 Thermidor

A

The coup that brought down Robespierre and his supporters and ended the Reign of Terror.

63
Q

Maximum wage

A

Implemented in the summer of 1794 much to the anger of the sans-culottes (it had not previously been enforced by the Paris Commune).

History French Revolution (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions