The Swing to the East Flashcards
When was Anson’s voyage?
1740-44
When was James Cook’s first voyage?
1768-71
When was James Cook’s second voyage?
1772-75
When was James Cook’s third voyage?
1776-80
What was discovered in 1759?
A hydrographer of the East India Company founded a method of avoiding monsoons
When were the Falklands discovered?
1764
What speech was even in 1790?
Dundas’ speech on Nootka Sound
When was the Cape Town colony lost by the Dutch to the British?
1795
When was the British ownership of the Cape Town colony ratified officially?
1814
When did the Botany Bay colony expand to Tasmania?
1802
When did the government begin curbing the powers of the East India company?
1813
What became central to international trade in the 1840s?
Tea and opium
When did the quest for terra australis incognito end?
With the discovery of Antarctica in 1773
When was Australia first mapped out (albeit incorrectly)?
in 1521 by the Portuguese- only mapped the north-eastern coast
Why was the Portuguese discovery of Australia unpublished?
Due to it violating the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas in which the Pope split the world in two for Spain and Portugal.
What was discovered by British merchants in 1688?
Large iron ore deposits in Australia which prompted British interest.
Why was the quest for the terra australis incognito so drawn out?
Due to reluctancy towards travelling in the southern seas which were not only violent, but plagued with lawlessness. Not to mention the proximity to Europe
Why was Anson’s voyage so impacting to the Swing to the East?
Although Drake had already circumnavigated the globe, Anson’s voyage proved that Spain was not the sea power it had once been.
How did Anson’s voyage prove the declining power of Spain?
Certainly piracy, perceived as war, Anson commandeered a Spanish silver galleon ship under the Orders of Mark. He set off with 1500 men and 6 ships, returning with 500 men and 1 ship.
Why was the name of Cook’s ship so significant to the era?
The ship was named the Endeavour, to encourage Enlightenment principles and scientific discovery
Briefly outline James Cook’s first voyage (1768-71):
Used worlds most advanced clock for longitude calculations, improving navigation. Cook had secret orders from the Admiralty to map out Oceania
Who was the scientist travelling with Cook and what did he advocate for?
Banks, he advocated for the establishing of Southern Asian penal colonies hoping it would ease overcrowding.
How was the British colony in Botany Bay established as the leading Australian colony?
When a skirmish broke out with the French outpost (2 ships), the British outpost won (11 ships)
Briefly outline James Cook’s second voyage (1772-75):
Discovery of Antartica
Briefly outline James Cook’s third voyage (1776-80):
Quest for the north west passage failed. An 1800% profit from Cook’s attempt at the cotton trade. Discovery of Nootka Sound and death of Cook.
What overcrowding solution did the penal colony Botany Bay replace?
Thames Hulks, Pitt encouraged independent traders with the East India company to transport former convicts
What became the principle Australian product?
Wool was grown in New South Wales and then transported back to England where there was a shortage
What two other products were grown, although less enthusiastically than wool, in the Australian colonies?
Flax for ship sails and pine trees for building
Why was the growth and transport of raw materials so efficient in Australia?
As many of the convicts were naval artisans
What were the three principle trading commodities of empire found in the eastern empire?
Wool tea and opium, other commodities were sourced from elsewhere
