the summary sheets Flashcards
what are the 3 societal similarities to the human body?
system (inter-dependent)
system needs (social institutions help us meet our needs)
who introduced the organic analogy?
parsons
what is the organic analogy?
theory suggesting the body’s organs works similarly to social institutions
what are the three similarities between society and the human body?
system (interconnected)
system needs (institutions meet needs)
functions (Shared goal)
what is a structural theory?
theories that focus social institutions affect on society
what are Durkheim’s two ideas of society?
top-down (social institutions shape individuals)
social solidarity avoids anomie (socialization process achieves cohesion and solidarity)
what are the four basic needs of society (GAIL)?
POLOTICAL: goal attainment (how resources and power is distributed)
ECONOMIC: adaptation (changing to meet societal needs)
SOCIAL: integration ( institutions develop to reduce conflict)
latency: TWO TYPES
-pattern maintenance = maintaining value consensus
-tension maintenance= opportunities to relief tension
what are the two means of maintaining value consensus and social order?
formal social control = official law enforcers
informal social control = social group law enforcers (e.g. families)
who internally criticizes functionalism?
Merton
what are the internal criticisms of parsons organic analogy?
indispensability ( functions have alternatives)
functional unity (not all functions need each other as much as said )
universal functionalism (not all functions are positive e.g. domestic abuse)
what ae manifest and latent?
manifest - intended function
latent - unintended function
what are the three levels of a capitalist society?
superstructure (ideology)
means of production (materials)
relation of production (people)
what are the 3 features of capitalist society?
competition
alienation
proletariat separate from means of production
what are the 3 features of communist society?
classless
collective ownership
no alienation
what are 3 criticisms of Marxism?
over simplified
economic determinism
lack of revolution
out of date
what did Husserl argue in phenomenology?
the world makes sense because we give things meaning
what does Schutz add to Husserl’s theory of phenomenology?
these meanings are shared by social groups
what is typification?
categories that we share for collective meanings
what does life world mean?
common sense knowledge
what is recipe knowledge?
doing actions without thinking about them
what is natural attitude?
acknowledging objects we do not use but do not question
what are Berger and Luckman’s evaluations of phenomenology?
-society is NOT subjective
-society becomes an external reality that reflect back onto us
what does Garfinkel study in ethnomethodology?
how meanings came to be
what is social order created from?
common knowledge used everyday
