The study of humanity

Question 1

Anthropology

Answer 1

the academic discipline that studies all of humanity from a broad perspective

Question 2

Archaeology

Answer 2

the investigation of past cultures through excavation of material remains

Question 3

Prehistoric Archaeology

Answer 3

field that uses excavation of sites analysis of material remains to investigate cultures that existed before the development of writing

Question 4

Historic archaeology

Answer 4

field that invstigates the past of literate peoples through the excavation of sites and analysis of artifacts and other material remains

Question 5

Biological (physical) anthropology

Answer 5

a major subfield of anthropology that studies the biological dimensions of humans and other primates

Question 6

primatology

Answer 6

the study of primates, including monkeys an apes; a subfield of biological anthropology

Question 7

human variation

Answer 7

physical differences among human populations; an interest of physical anthropologists

Question 8

paleoanthropology

Answer 8

the specialization of physical anthropology that investigates the biological evolution of the human species

Question 9

Forensic anthropology

Answer 9

a specialization in physical anthropology that analyzes and identifies human remains

Question 10

Cultural anthropology (social, sociocultural, ethnology)

Answer 10

the subfield that studies the way of life of contemporary and historically recent peoples

Question 11

fieldwork

Answer 11

ethnographic research that involves observing and interviewing members of a culture to describe their way of life

Question 12

an ethnography

Answer 12

a written description of the way of life of some human population

Question 13

Anthropological linguistics

Answer 13

subfield that focuses on the interrelationships between language and other aspects of a people’s culture

Question 14

Applied anthropology

Answer 14

subfield whose paractitioners use anthropological methods, theories, and concepts to solve practical real-world problems; often employed by governmental agencies or private organizations

Question 15

examples of applied anthropology

Answer 15

Developmental, educational, and corporate anthropology

Question 16

Medical anthropology

Answer 16

the specialization that researches the connections between cultural beliefs and habits ad the spread and treatment of diseases and illnesses

Question 17

holistic perspective

Answer 17

the assumption that any aspect of a culture is integrated with other aspects, so that no dimension of cculture can be understood in isolation

Question 18

comparative perspective

Answer 18

the insistence by anthropologists that valid hypotheses and theories about humanity be tested with information from a wide range of cultures

Question 19

Cultural relativism

Answer 19

the notion that one should not judge he behavior of other peoples using the standards of their own culture

Question 20

Ethnocentrism

Answer 20

the attitude or opinion that the morals, values, and customs of one’s own culture are superior to those of other cultures

Question 21

moral relativism

Answer 21

a parto of relativism that says that there are no absolute, universal standards by which to evaluate actions in terms of right/wrong or good/bad