The Stuarts Flashcards
Who were the Stuarts?
A Scottish family who came down to rule in England since the Tudor period had ended in 1603.
Who was James VI and I?
He was King of England and Scotland and was a Protestant but was tolerant towards the Catholics. But after the Gunpowder Plot, he made strict anti-Catholic laws.
Who was Charles I?
Charles I came to the throne in 1625 and the relationship between Parliament became worst. Charles did made many laws without letting Parliament have their say.
What was “The Eleven Years of Tyranny?”
A time when Charles ruled without a Parliament.
Why did Charles have to reinstall Parliament?
War with Scotland began so he needed money.
What did Parliament send Charles instead of money?
The Grand Remonstrance (1641) of 204 complaints on how he was running the country.
What war broke out and why did it happen?
The English Civil War and Parliament tried to gain as much power as they could over Charles. Finally he’d had enough and a Civil War erupted between King Charles and Parliament.
What were the Parliament’s forces called?
The Roundheads.
What were the King’s forces called?
The Cavaliers.
What happened later in the war?
The King surrendered in 1646 but didn’t give up. He had another fight with the help of the Scots but was defeated again in 1649.
How was Charles killed?
Parliament put him on trial for treason and he was labelled a murderer, tyrant and traitor and he was beheaded.
What did England become?
A Republic.
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
Cromwell was a landowner from Cambridgeshire and in his 30s he became a Puritan. In 1640, he was a member of Parliament who opposed the King. When the Civil War broke out, he joined Parliament as a good cavalry commander and he helped to defeat the Royalist Army.
What army did Cromwell create?
The New Model Army which was very organised, trained and equipped and they defeated King Charles.
What is a Puritan?
A member of a Protestant group in England that opposed many customs of the Church of England.
