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excretion as an example of homeostatic control > the structure of the liver > Flashcards

the structure of the liver Flashcards

1
Q

what is a hepatocyte

A

Liver cell

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2
Q

why is it crucial for the liver to have a good supply of blood

A

Because it carrys out many metabolic reactions

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3
Q

why is it necessary for the liver to have a good supply of oxygen

A

For aerobic respiration, as liver cells are very active therefore they require lots of ATP for active metabolic processes

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4
Q

what does the hepatic artery do

A

transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the liver

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5
Q

what does the hepatic portal vein do

A

Removes deoxygenated blood from the digestive system to the liver

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6
Q

how does blood leave the liver

A

leaves the liver through the hepatic vein (central vein)

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7
Q

what is the difference between the hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein

A

Hepatic portal vein- allows blood to enter the liver

Hepatic vein- allows blood to leave the liver

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8
Q

what artery does the hepatic vein join to in order for the blood to enter the heart from the liver

A

The hepatic vein joins to the vena cava

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9
Q

what is the bile duct

A

a tube connected to the liver

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10
Q

what is an advantage for the liver, by the blood recieved from the hepatic portal vein

A

it sends deoxygenated blood from the digestive system to the liver.
This allows the liver to absorb nutrients from the blood from the digestive system

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11
Q

what are some functions of the bile duct

A

carries bile from liver to the gall bladder for storage

contains excretory products such as bile pigments which leave in faeces

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12
Q

what is one example of as bile pigment

A

Bilirubin

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13
Q

Describe the internal structure of the liver

A

divided into lobes and lobules

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14
Q

what is smaller lobes or lobues

A

Lobules

As the liver is divided into lobes and further divided into lobules

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15
Q

what shape are lobules

A

Cylindrical

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16
Q

what does the meaning interlobal vessels mean

A

the hepatic artery and portal vein split into small vessels in the liver, which RUN PARALLEL TO LOBULES

17
Q

what cell is the liver mainly made of

A

hepatocytes

18
Q

what is a sinusoid

A

a space in the lobule where blood from HA and HPV mixes to increase oxygen content for hepatocytes

19
Q

why do hepatocytes have a large surface area

A

maximises rate of exchange of substances

20
Q

what cells coat the sinusoid

A

endothelial cells

21
Q

what is a kupffer cell

A

a specialised macrophage

22
Q

where are kupffer cells located

A

in the sinusoid

23
Q

what is the function of the kupffer cells

A

to breakdown and recycle old erythrocytes

24
Q

Kupffer cells breakdown red blood cells, what can this create

A

Bilirubin (bile pigment), product of a broken down haemoglobin

25
Q

what type of substance is bilirubin

A

Bile pigment

26
Q

what is the bile canaliculi

A

bile drains into this space, the canaliculi then drains bile into the bile duct

27
Q

how does the bile duct form

A

bile made in liver released into bile canaliculi.
The bile canaliculi join and form bile duct

28
Q

what has the job of transporting bile to the gall bladder

A

Bile duct

29
Q

why may blood in the hepatic vein have toxins

A

Because the deoxygenated blood has came from the digestive system where concentrations of substances are uncontrolled.

30
Q

what is in the centre of a lobule

A

The centre of a lobule is a hepatic vein

31
Q

where do sinusoids empty their blood

A

Into the centre of a lobule

32
Q

name two differences between excretion and secretion

A

excretion can be - metabolic waste, e.g. urea
Secretion is useful products, e.g. hormones, enzymes, bile salt

excretion doesnt use vesicles
secretion uses vesicles

33
Q

what is one similarity between excretion and secretion other than they both use ATP

A

they are both involved in homeostasis

34
Q

why are blood concentrations in the blood from hepatic portal vein uncontrolled and rich in products

A

because the blood has came from the digestive system, thereore rich in products

35
Q

what process controls the concentration of blood in liver before entering the central vein

A

blood flowing in sinusoid, lined with hepatocytes which remove substances from blood when contact between the two is close

excretion as an example of homeostatic control (7 decks)

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