the structure of nutrients - carbohydrates Flashcards
what chemical elements are carbohydrates made of
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
what is the general chemical formula for carbohydrates
C6H12O6
how are carbohydrates formed during photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 is carbohydrate stored in the plant
what 2 main groups are carbohydrates divided into
simple carbohydrates (sugars)
complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
what are the 2 groups of sugars
monosaccharides
disaccharides
what are the three monosaccharides and where are they found
fructose - found in fruits, plant juices and honey
glucose - found in ripe fruits and some vegetables e.g onions
galactose - only found in mammalian breast milk
what form are glucose molecules arranged in
hexose ring
what form are the fructose molecules arranged in
pentose ring
what are disaccharides
two monosaccharides joined together by a condensation reaction
what are monosaccharides
one sugar molecule
define rancid
when a fat or oil develops off flavours and odours because it has been broken down by oxygen
what form are galactose molecules arranged in
hexose ring
what are the 3 disaccharides and what are they made of
sucrose - glucose + fructose
lactose - glucose + galactose
maltose - glucose + glucose
how are disaccharides formed
they are formed during condensation reactions in which a glycosidic bond/linkage is formed between 2 monosaccharides with the loss of a water molecule
in monosaccharides, whats the formula of glucose, fructose and galactose
C6H12O6
