The Structure of DNA Flashcards
the structure of DNA is made up of what?
nucleotides
nucleotides are made up of what?
base
deoxyribose sugar
phosphate
sugar phosphate backbone is made up of what?
deoxyribose sugar
phosphate
name the different bases in a nucleotide:
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
the bases are joined by what bond?
hydrogen bonds
what is the shape of a DNA molecule?
a double stranded helix with an antiparallel structure
where is the 3’ end and 5’ end on a nucleotide?
3’ end is at bottom of the deoxyribose sugar
5’ end is at the top of the phosphate
what does the base sequence of DNA form?
the genetic code
definition of a eukaryote?
organism with membrane bound organelles and has a true membrane bound nucleus.
definition of prokaryote?
organism which doesn’t not have a membrane bound organelle and lacks a true membrane bound nucleus.
what form is DNA in, in a prokaryote?
single circular chromosomes
what form is DNA in, in a eukaryote and where is it found?
linear chromosomes found in the nucleus,
circular chromosomes found in the mitochondria and chloroplast.
how is DNA packed in linear chromosomes?
tightly coiled and packed with associated protein called histones.
why is it tightly coiled?
so it can fit into the nucleus.
what is the bond that holds nucleotides together called?
chemical bonds
