Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

are all genes expressed?

A

only a fraction of genes in a cell are expressed

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2
Q

describe 4 features of an RNA molecule:

A

it is a single stranded molecule
nucleotides containing ribose sugar, phosphate, base
found in nucleus and cytoplasm
bases include uracil pairs with adenine, guanine pairs with cytosine.

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3
Q

what is the role of RNA polymerase?

A

moves along DNA unwinding the double helix and breaking hydrogen bonds between the bases. RNA polymerase synthesises a primary transcript of mRNA from RNA nucleotides by complementary base pairing.

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4
Q

which process allows the formations of a mature mRNA transcript?

A

RNA splicing

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5
Q

what happens during RNA splicing?

A

the introns of the primary transcript are non-coding regions and are removed.
the exons are coding regions and are joined together to form the mature transcript

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6
Q

what is the function of tRNA?

A

it begins at a start codon and ends at a stop codon.

anticodons bond to codons by complementary base pairing.

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7
Q

what is gene expression?

A

it involves DNA sequences being transcribed and translated to make a protein.

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8
Q

describe what mRNA is?

A

it carries a copy of genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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9
Q

describe what tRNA is?

A

each tRNA folds due to complementary base pairing. each of the tRNA molecule carries its specific amino acid to the ribosome

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10
Q

define alternative splicing:

A

different mature mRNA transcripts are produced from the same primary transcript depending on which exons are retained.

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11
Q

what are the key points of the protein structure:

A

proteins are made from amino acids and amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptides.
polypeptide chains fold to form the three-dimensional shape of a protein which are help together by hydrogen bonds.
proteins have a large variety of shapes which determines their function.

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