The structure of atoms Flashcards
How does the periodic table organize atoms?
By the number of valance electrons in its outermost shell
Element
Pure sub stances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
How many known elements are there?
118, 92 occur naturally
What elements make up the majority of living organisms?
CHON - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Valence electrons
The outermost shell of electrons
What do the columns and rows of the periodic table mean?
Columns=groups Same# valence electrons 1-2 for s 3-8 for p block 9-18 for d block, rows= periods or number of possible orbitals or pairs of electrons, Atomic number=number of protons and number of electrons
How many electrons can fit in the shells?
ring 1=2 electrons ring 2 = 8
What is the abbreviation for iron?
Fe
Integer
Whole number; not a fraction
Atomic mass
The sum of the mass of protons + neutrons in one atom of an element in atomic mass unit. The decimal is an average that differ in # of neutrons
Atomic number
Number of protons
How can you find out the maximum number of electrons each energy level can hold?
2(n^2) where n= period number aka energy level
Isotopes
Atoms with a different amount of protons as neutrons Carbon-14 means 6 protons and 8 neutrons
Ion
When the number of electrons is not the same as the number of protons. Cation=lost an electron, anion=gained an electron
Ionic bond
Results between two cations when one atom steals 1-3 electrons (keeps the other guy in orbit)
