The Structure Matters: The Development of the Atomic Structure

Question 1

the smallest particle of matter.

Answer 1

• Atom

Question 2

representation of what an atom could look like based on observation.

Answer 2

• Atomic model

Question 3

e positively charged particles located in the nucleus (center) of the atom. Discovered by Ernest Rutherford.

Answer 3

• Protons

Question 4

are neutrally charged particles also located in the nucleus. Discovered by Ernest Rutherford.

Answer 4

• Neutrons

Question 5

are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus. Discovered by J.J. Thompson.

Answer 5

• Electrons

Question 6

If an atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes electrically charged and highly reactive. Such electrically charged atoms.

Answer 6

• Ions

Question 7

If an atom gains an electron, it will then become negatively charged because there are more electrons than protons.

Answer 7

• Anion

Question 8

If the atom loses an electron, it will become positively charged as there are more protons than electrons.

Answer 8

• Cation

Question 9

when atoms emit particles until the nucleus is stable. Such unstable atoms are said to be radioactive.

Answer 9

• Radiation

Question 10

describe and show the distribution of electrons in each energy level located in various locations or orbitals.

Answer 10

• Electron configuration

Question 11

value that is used when describing the energy levels of electrons in atoms.

Answer 11

• Quantum number

Question 12

specifies the energy of an electron the size of the orbital and its distance away from the nucleus.

Answer 12

• Principal quantum number

Question 12

represents the shape of the sublevel in each energy level.

Answer 12

• Angular momentum quantum number

Question 13

describes the orientation in space of an orbital of a given energy (n) and shape (l).

Answer 13

• Magnetic quantum number

Question 14

describes the spin of an electron in an orbital. An electron can spin only in two directions, which is either clockwise (ms = + 1/2) or counterclockwise (ms = – 1/2)

Answer 14

• Spin quantum number

Question 15

are pictorial representations of the electrons in an atom.

Answer 15

• Orbital diagrams

Question 16

It states that a lower energy orbital should be filled first before the next higher energy orbital.

Answer 16

• Aufbau Principle

Question 17

no two electrons in the same atom can have identical values for all four of their quantum numbers.

Answer 17

• Pauli Exclusion Principle

Question 18

This rule states that every orbital of the same energy must be singly occupied with one electron before any orbital is doubly occupied.

Answer 18

• Hund’ s Rule