The structure and roles of public health and care organisations within the UK Flashcards
In the medieval period (15-16th century), what was the main influencing factor of the public health and healthcare services available?
Medieval period had no dedicated healthcare services eg. hospitals
What was the main effect of the 1530s (16th century) reformation on public health?
Dissolution of monasteries so that religious institutions couldn’t provide care anymore
What act was introduced so that sick people could receive care, after the 1530s reformation and dissolution of monasteries?
The Elizabethan Poor Law/Poor Relief act 1601 (17th century)
Why is The Elizabethan Poor Law/Poor Relief act 1601 (17th century) considered the first national welfare system?
It was based on different parishes (geographical unit of 50-100 people) around country
According to The Elizabethan Poor Law/Poor Relief act 1601 (17th century), how was healthcare funded?
All local residents within a parish payed a tax to fund delivery of care, that was accessible to everyone in the parish
Did The Elizabethan Poor Law/Poor Relief act 1601 (17th century) introduce modern hospitals?
No hospitals, but they introduced almshouses where sick people could go for care
What type of system was introduced by the Poor Law Reform 1834 (19th century), and how did this affect parishes?
Introduced workhouse system in which parishes were grouped into unions to each build a union workhouse
What was the main function of the Poor Law Reform 1834 (19th century), regarding funding?
To reduce cost of delivering care in a way that is same throughout country
In the Poor Law Reform 1834 (19th century), did each union workhouse have the same rules?
Yes
What 5 things did workers of the union workhouse receive in exchange for manual labour, in Poor Law Reform 1834 (19th century)?
Shelter (lived in workhouse)
Food
Basic healthcare
Clothing
Children worked in exchange for schooling
Give 2 examples of how workhouse conditions were deliberately harsh in the Poor Law Reform 1834 (19th century), and why?
Unhygienic, families split up throughout workhouse
Only desperate sick people would come for care, which reduced costs
What did the Metropolitan Poor act 1867 change about the location of infirmaries, and why?
Infirmaries were housed on different sites to union workhouses, to improve hygiene and overall poor conditions
How did the Metropolitan Poor act 1867 make free healthcare available to, and how was this provided?
Sick people who didn’t live in workhouses
Provided by voluntary hospitals funded by donations and run by volunteer staff.
What was the most significant development in public health since the 20th century, and which government introduced this?
Establishment of NHS 1948 (20th century)
Labour government
In the Establishment of NHS 1948 (20th century), why were all hospitals nationalised and combined under one system?
All hospitals (voluntary, infirmary, local hospitals) nationalised and combined under single system
To reduce pressure on healthcare due to WW2: people were worried that being ill would lead to poverty
Who did Establishment of NHS 1948 (20th century) provide free healthcare to, and how was this funded?
Introduced free healthcare for every member of british population
Funded by taxation
What are the 3 core principles of the NHS, and which is the most revolutionary?
Meets the needs of everyone
Free at the point of delivery (revolutionary)
Based on clinical need instead of ability to pay
Since 1970s, has the NHS been affected by changes in government?
Yes, every time government has changed they have attempted to reform NHS and its structures
What are the 4 main functions of health and care services?
In and out patient care: Reflects historical functions
Primary care: Everyone registered with a GP which is the point of access into services if people have a health concern
Social care: Non-medical care for people who need help in looking after themselves.
Public health: Mostly prevention of disease
Is social care well-integrated into NHS, and who does this mostly affect negatively?
Never really been integrated into NHS
More problematic with the ageing population eg, and greater reliance on social care within society
How was Public Health England (PHE) 1st April 2013 formed from other organisations?
PHE brings together public health specialists from over 70 organisations into single public health service
What did the PHE 2013 help local authorities and NHS to plan and provide?
Heath and social care services
eg. immunisation and screening programmes
What did PHE 2013 mainly promote regarding lifestyles?
Healthier lifestyles
What did PHE 2013 mainly promote regarding hazards?
Protecting from public health hazards
