The Structure and Function of Arteries, Veins and Capillaries

Question 1

What is the blood circulation?

Answer 1

Heart - Arteries - Capillaries - Veins - Heart

Question 2

What happens to the blood pressure as it moves away from the heart?

Answer 2

Decreases

Question 3

Endothelial lining of central lumen of blood vessels is surrounded by what?

Answer 3

Layers of tissue

Question 4

What do the Arteries do?

Answer 4

Carry’s blood away from the heart

Question 5

What is the outer layer of an Artery made out of?

Answer 5

A layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres

Question 6

What is the middle layer of an Artery made out of?

Answer 6

A layer of smooth muscle containing elastic fibres

Question 7

What is the word to describe an Artery’s central cavity?

Answer 7

Narrow lumen

Question 8

What do the Elastic Fibres in the Artery allow it to do?

Answer 8

This allows them to stretch and recoil to accommodate the surge of blood after each heartbeat

Question 9

What is the function of the Smooth Muscle in Arteries?

Answer 9

Allow it to contract (vasoconstrict) and dilate (vasodilate) to control blood flow to where it is needed

Question 10

What is the Capillaries referred to and why?

Answer 10

The exchange vessel as it is where all exchange with tissues occurs due to thins walls (one cell thick)

Question 11

What is the function of Veins?

Answer 11

To carry blood back to the heart

Question 12

What is the outer layer of a Vein made out of?

Answer 12

Layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres

Question 13

What is the middle layer of a Vein made out of?

Answer 13

A thin muscular middle layer with connective tissue

Question 14

What is the word to describe a Vein’s central cavity?

Answer 14

A wide lumen (which reduces resistance)

Question 15

Why are Vein’s walls thin?

Answer 15

This is due to blood being carried back to the heart at a low pressure

Question 16

Why do Vein’s have valves?

Answer 16

To prevent blood backflow

Question 17

What does Plasma do in relation to capillaries?

Answer 17

It is forced out of the capillaries due to it arriving at high pressure from arteries and passes tissue fluid into surrounding cells

Question 18

Because tissue fluid has a high concentration, what happens?

Answer 18

Tissue fluid has a high concentration of soluble food, oxygen and useful ions, these diffuse down a concentration gradient into nearby cells and substances such as carbon dioxide and urea diffuse out into tissue fluid

Question 19

Where does most of the tissue fluid return to and how does it go there?

Answer 19

It returns back to the capillaries by Osmosis

Question 20

Some tissue fluid doesnt return to the blood and is absorbed into thin walled Lymphatic Vessels. What is the tissue fluid now known as?

Answer 20

Lymph

Question 21

What does the Lymphatic System do to the Lymph?

Answer 21

Returns it to the Circulatory System