The Start of the Cold War in Asia (3) Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Chinese civil war start?

A

1927

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2
Q

What happened to Japan after WW2, who occupied it?

A

The USA took occupation of Japan after they surrendered.

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3
Q

Who was General Douglas MacArthur?

A

he was the US commander of the occupying forces and was given almost dictatorial power to turn Japan from a militeralistic state to a democratic one with communism banned

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4
Q

Were US bases built on Japanese territory

A

YES

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5
Q

What was the strategic importance of Japan?

A

it is very close to many communist countries such as Russia and north Korea and china. Naval control in Pacific to major counties like the USSR and China

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6
Q

What did the USA originally intend to do with Japan?

A

make Japan militarily weak but a democratic power that would no longer be capable of starting a war. however they chnaged their minds due to the cold wars development

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7
Q

What did the treaty signed in 1951 do?

A

It formally ended the war between the US and Japan and ended the occupation. An alliance was also signed that allowed the USA to maintain military bases and troops on Japanese territory.

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8
Q

What did Japan promise in terms of trading?

A

To stop trading with China.

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9
Q

When was the Sanfransisco

A
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10
Q

When does Japan join GATT?

A

1950

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11
Q

What was the reverse course policy in Japan?

A

It began in 1947 and was a shift from demilitarization and democratization of Japan to economic reconstruction and remilitarization of Japan.

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12
Q

Who lead the Nationalists in China?

A

jiang jeishi

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13
Q

Who lead the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)?

A

Mao Zedong

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14
Q

What was the marshal mission?

A

it attempted to get mao and chiang to support a coalition government

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15
Q

What type of aid did the USA give the Nationalists?

A

financial ( about $2 billion)

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16
Q

When was the loss of china and what did it mean?

A

1949
When china become communist

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17
Q

Where did Chiang Kai- Shek flee to after china became communist?

A

Tiwan

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18
Q

How did the US try and weaken Mao’s position?

A

they blocked the entry of the peoples republic into the united nations

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19
Q

What was Stains relationship with Mao like?

A

Strained as Stalin never gave Mao the amount of support he wanted so it was a weak relationship

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20
Q

What effect did the loss of china have in the short term?

A

it lead to the development of Acheson’s defensive perimeter strategy and the NSC-68

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21
Q

What effect did the loss of china have in the medium term?

A

it lead to fierce criticism of Truman that containment had failed and helped Eisenhower’s victory in the president election

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22
Q

What effect did the loss of china have in the long term?

A

it played a role in US cold war strategy in Asia until 1970s and escalated to things like the Vietnam war

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23
Q

Did Stalin view China as a proper communist state and why?

A

n9o as it wasn’t following Marxist views on industrilisaton

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24
Q

Why did Mao go to the USSR in December 1949?

A

to get approval from the leader of world communism

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25
What does PRC stand for?
Peoples Republic of China
26
What does CCP stand for?
Chinese communist party
27
What does ROC stand for?
Republic of China
28
What was the US's two Chinas policy?
in 1950 the USA blocked PRC from joining the UN instead they gave their place to ROC and they believed there were tow Chinas now
29
What are Quemoy and Tachen?
Islands off Taiwan with Jiang Jie Shi's soldiers
30
When did Jiang Jie Shi announce holy war against china?
1954
31
What did the Mutual Defence pact say?
it was signed between the USA and Taiwan and the US signed to say they will defend Taiwan if China invades
32
What happens to the Tachen Islands in 1955?
the CCP seize them
33
When was the Formosa Resolution and what did it do?
1955 Allowed Eisenhower to take whatever action he felt necessary to defend Taiwan
34
What happened in 1958 in Quemoy and Matsu
they were attacked by China Dulles and then the US navy was ordered to Taiwan and china negotiated and a ceasefire was declared
35
What was NSC 68?
It was a review of the USA's strategic priorates it was written in April 1950 it laid out the new national security strategy for the USA and was secret. wasn't published until 1975
36
What were the key points made in NSC 68?
Massive weapons build up needed Alliances Global Cold War ( turning point) Military readiness is key to containment
37
Who was Korea occupied by during and after WW2?
Japan
38
What happened to Korea at the end of WW2?
It was divided into 2 zones occupied by the usa and ussr
39
Where did the Korean Boarder begin?
38th parallel
40
Was the boarder originally temporary?
yes it was hoped that there would be free elections to unify the country
41
Who were the two leaders in Korea?
Syngman Rhee and Kim II Sung
42
When did the North Korean troops invade the south?
25th June 1950
43
What happened in the first attack from North Korea?
135,000 North Korean troops backe with soviet made tanks and aircrafts ivaded the south and took over Seoul - the capital of the south- the south turned to the US and the US turned to the UN
44
Who decided whether the south got support?
the united nations
45
What was SEATO?
South East Asian Organisation Treaty that was used to justify the collective effort to defend south Vietnam from north Vietnam
46
Who formed the vietminh?
Ho Chi Minh
47
How did Truman support the French in terms of Vietnam?
he sent $2 billion of financial aid which ended up being at its peak 78% of France's costs
48
How was Indo- China important economically?
supplied petroleum, rice, tin and rubber to the west
49
At the time how did Truman feel about giving aid to the French in Indo China
he was whiling to give financial aid but didn't want to give any military aid
50
By 1952 who was giving supplies to the Vietminh?
China and the Soviets
51
What battle did Japan loose at?
Dein Bien Phu
52
When was Dein Bien Phu?
May 1954
53
What was the Domino Theory?
an idea that if one country falls to communism others would soon follow and communism would spread
54
What was decided in the Geneva Accords?
That Indo China would be split into 4 - laos, cambodia, noth and south vietnam and they would be split on the 17th parallel
55
What parallel was vietnam split on?
17th parallel
56
Who was the leader of south vietnam in 1955?
Diem
57
According to the accords what was meant to happen in 1956?
hold elections and reunited vietnam
58
Why was Diem unpopular?
he was a catholic in a country with a majority Buddhist population and he persecuted buddists. He also only gave jobs to his family and made no effort to win peasant support
59
What were the south Vietnamese communists known as
the vietcong of VC
60
What group was the opposition to Diem?
NFL
61
How much financial aid did the USA give Diem between 1955 and 1961
around $7 billion
62