The Start of the Cold War in Asia (3) Flashcards
When did the Chinese civil war start?
1927
What happened to Japan after WW2, who occupied it?
The USA took occupation of Japan after they surrendered.
Who was General Douglas MacArthur?
he was the US commander of the occupying forces and was given almost dictatorial power to turn Japan from a militeralistic state to a democratic one with communism banned
Were US bases built on Japanese territory
YES
What was the strategic importance of Japan?
it is very close to many communist countries such as Russia and north Korea and china. Naval control in Pacific to major counties like the USSR and China
What did the USA originally intend to do with Japan?
make Japan militarily weak but a democratic power that would no longer be capable of starting a war. however they chnaged their minds due to the cold wars development
What did the treaty signed in 1951 do?
It formally ended the war between the US and Japan and ended the occupation. An alliance was also signed that allowed the USA to maintain military bases and troops on Japanese territory.
What did Japan promise in terms of trading?
To stop trading with China.
When was the Sanfransisco
When does Japan join GATT?
1950
What was the reverse course policy in Japan?
It began in 1947 and was a shift from demilitarization and democratization of Japan to economic reconstruction and remilitarization of Japan.
Who lead the Nationalists in China?
jiang jeishi
Who lead the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)?
Mao Zedong
What was the marshal mission?
it attempted to get mao and chiang to support a coalition government
What type of aid did the USA give the Nationalists?
financial ( about $2 billion)
When was the loss of china and what did it mean?
1949
When china become communist
Where did Chiang Kai- Shek flee to after china became communist?
Tiwan
How did the US try and weaken Mao’s position?
they blocked the entry of the peoples republic into the united nations
What was Stains relationship with Mao like?
Strained as Stalin never gave Mao the amount of support he wanted so it was a weak relationship
What effect did the loss of china have in the short term?
it lead to the development of Acheson’s defensive perimeter strategy and the NSC-68
What effect did the loss of china have in the medium term?
it lead to fierce criticism of Truman that containment had failed and helped Eisenhower’s victory in the president election
What effect did the loss of china have in the long term?
it played a role in US cold war strategy in Asia until 1970s and escalated to things like the Vietnam war
Did Stalin view China as a proper communist state and why?
n9o as it wasn’t following Marxist views on industrilisaton
Why did Mao go to the USSR in December 1949?
to get approval from the leader of world communism
What does PRC stand for?
Peoples Republic of China
What does CCP stand for?
Chinese communist party
What does ROC stand for?
Republic of China
What was the US’s two Chinas policy?
in 1950 the USA blocked PRC from joining the UN instead they gave their place to ROC and they believed there were tow Chinas now
What are Quemoy and Tachen?
Islands off Taiwan with Jiang Jie Shi’s soldiers
When did Jiang Jie Shi announce holy war against china?
1954
What did the Mutual Defence pact say?
it was signed between the USA and Taiwan and the US signed to say they will defend Taiwan if China invades
What happens to the Tachen Islands in 1955?
the CCP seize them
When was the Formosa Resolution and what did it do?
1955
Allowed Eisenhower to take whatever action he felt necessary to defend Taiwan
What happened in 1958 in Quemoy and Matsu
they were attacked by China Dulles and then the US navy was ordered to Taiwan and china negotiated and a ceasefire was declared
What was NSC 68?
It was a review of the USA’s strategic priorates
it was written in April 1950
it laid out the new national security strategy for the USA and was secret.
wasn’t published until 1975
What were the key points made in NSC 68?
Massive weapons build up needed
Alliances
Global Cold War ( turning point)
Military readiness is key to containment
Who was Korea occupied by during and after WW2?
Japan
What happened to Korea at the end of WW2?
It was divided into 2 zones occupied by the usa and ussr
Where did the Korean Boarder begin?
38th parallel
Was the boarder originally temporary?
yes it was hoped that there would be free elections to unify the country
Who were the two leaders in Korea?
Syngman Rhee and Kim II Sung
When did the North Korean troops invade the south?
25th June 1950
What happened in the first attack from North Korea?
135,000 North Korean troops backe with soviet made tanks and aircrafts ivaded the south and took over Seoul - the capital of the south- the south turned to the US and the US turned to the UN
Who decided whether the south got support?
the united nations
What was SEATO?
South East Asian Organisation Treaty that was used to justify the collective effort to defend south Vietnam from north Vietnam
Who formed the vietminh?
Ho Chi Minh
How did Truman support the French in terms of Vietnam?
he sent $2 billion of financial aid which ended up being at its peak 78% of France’s costs
How was Indo- China important economically?
supplied petroleum, rice, tin and rubber to the west
At the time how did Truman feel about giving aid to the French in Indo China
he was whiling to give financial aid but didn’t want to give any military aid
By 1952 who was giving supplies to the Vietminh?
China and the Soviets
What battle did Japan loose at?
Dein Bien Phu
When was Dein Bien Phu?
May 1954
What was the Domino Theory?
an idea that if one country falls to communism others would soon follow and communism would spread
What was decided in the Geneva Accords?
That Indo China would be split into 4 - laos, cambodia, noth and south vietnam and they would be split on the 17th parallel
What parallel was vietnam split on?
17th parallel
Who was the leader of south vietnam in 1955?
Diem
According to the accords what was meant to happen in 1956?
hold elections and reunited vietnam
Why was Diem unpopular?
he was a catholic in a country with a majority Buddhist population and he persecuted buddists. He also only gave jobs to his family and made no effort to win peasant support
What were the south Vietnamese communists known as
the vietcong of VC
What group was the opposition to Diem?
NFL
How much financial aid did the USA give Diem between 1955 and 1961
around $7 billion
