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z -history - tudors > The stability of the monarchy 1547-1558 > Flashcards

The stability of the monarchy 1547-1558 Flashcards

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1
Q

Somerset Lord Chancellor Years

A

1547-49

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2
Q

Northumberland Lord Chancellor Years

A

1551 - (july) 1553

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3
Q

How did Northumberland (Dudley) become Lord President? (3)

A

1549-50 - power struggle between Catholics + Northumberland - defeated them and dismissed them from court
Northumberland had control of the Privy Council - Lord President
Executed Northumberland 1553

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4
Q

Serious Problems of a minority rule: 3

A
  • Royal minorities had caused problems before - Edward V - lost crown to Richard III
  • Edward lacked authority - father had Treason Act (300 executions
  • Somerset’s decision to repeal Henry’s Treason Act & the heresy laws, which caused an upsurge of religious unrest.
  • Minority gov - factional struggles (like Henry VIII had) - Somerset dominate - as Lord Protector would people listen to him? - dry stamp/ rebellions
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5
Q

How much power did Edward have…

Somerset’s fall (3)

A

Somerset’s fall

  • Had been disregarded prev - only 12
  • Penry Williams - ‘a cypher in politics’
  • Played a key role in Somerset’s fall (accused him of threatening him after taking him to Windsor Castle)
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6
Q 
How much power did Edward have...
Early Northumberland (1550-1) (1)
A

Early Northumberland 1550-1

- more of a role in Privy Council meetings - setting the agenda for some meetings

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7
Q 
How much power did Edward have...
Late Northumberland (1552-3) (2)
A

Late Northumberland 1552-3

  • recognition of his role and maturity - 1552 council announced he would reach majority age at 16 (not 18)
  • North learnt from Somerset’s mistakes - let Ed be involves/develop political skills - North still in control - foreign policy out of bounds for Edward
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8
Q

Devise to exclude Mary: Date

A

May 1553

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9
Q

Why did Northumberland push the devise to exclude Mary? (2)

A
  • Northumberland’s power depended on Edward - with Mary he would be replaced
  • Wanted Protestantism to continue - wanted crown to go to LJG (had married his son)
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10
Q

Was Somerset’s attempted coup of 1549 a threat to stability? (3)

A
  • Warwick allies and removed opponents so he had a Protestant majority in the council
  • Dec 1549 – rumours of a Catholic plot to remove Warwick – by Jan 1550 the leading Catholic members of the Council (Arundel and Southampton) had been replaced with supporters, and W was LP – around Edward to secure his position
  • However, these developments forced W to ally with the religiously
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11
Q 
How seriously did the attempt to alter the 1553 succession threaten dynastic security? 
SERIOUSLY THREATEN (4)
A

SERIOUSLY THREATEN

  • N acted as an ‘almighty subject’ - put his own interests first
  • N forced Privy Council to sign devise when E fell ill
  • Edward himself who threatened the security- interfere succession for religious reasons’
  • Could have provoked civil war or foreign invasion from Mary’s cousin Charles’ V
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12
Q

How seriously did the attempt to alter the 1553 succession threaten dynastic security?
DIDN’T SERIOUSLY THREATEN (5)

A
  • Archbishop Cranmer showed disloyalty to the dynasty - ‘I never liked the old king
  • N did not have an army available to support Jane (disbanded his army in 1552),
  • N failed to prevent Mary escaping to East Anglia
  • many felt Mary was rightful queen - failed propaganda chance
  • Mary acted quickly & decisively to secure her rightful position by escaping to East Anglia, proclaiming herself Queen + raising support (PC letters/army)
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13
Q

To what extent did the challenges to Mary threaten the stability of the Monarchy?
Female Ruler: Stability threatened (5)

A

Female Ruler: Stability threatened

  • unable to control factions/army
  • salic law
  • last female monarch, Matilda, had provoked a civil war in the mid 12th century
  • marry an English man = family would dominate court
  • marry a foreigner = dominated by foreigners
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14
Q

To what extent did the challenges to Mary threaten the stability of the Monarchy?
Female Ruler: Stability not threatened (3)

A

Female Ruler: Stability not threatened
- rightful heir mattered more than gender
- good advisers e.g Pole (religion) and Winchester (finance)
- mary acted decisively - LJG 1553 she fled to Norfolk & rallied support there
Wyatt 1554 Ignored the advice of her councillors & stayed in London to rally support there -

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15
Q

What book did John Knox write in the final year of Mary’s reign?

A

John Knox: The First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Reign of Women

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16
Q

When did Mary decide to marry Philip? (2)

A
  • July 1554 - frustration in court

- Philip of Spain to inherit throne of Charles V (HRE and King) (Mary half Spanish)

17
Q

When was Mary’s marriage Treaty approved?

A

Queen Mary’s Marriage Act: April 1554

18
Q

What happened as a consequence of Mary’s decision to marry Philip? (2)

A
  • Wyatt’s rebellion Jan 1554
  • Queen Mary’s Marriage Act April 1554 - sets out terms to protect England’s interest - ‘the queen shall have total control of all offices’, England not be dragged into war, Philip not to take crown’s money/jewels etc
19
Q

How does the Queen’s marriage treaty (April 1554) that female rule was a problem? (3)

A
  • had to make treaty to preserve England’s rights
  • wasn’t a worry for previous marriages/kings
  • saw females as vulnerable
20
Q

To what extent did the challenges to Mary threaten the stability of the Monarchy?
Mary’s marriage. Stability Not Threatened: (3)

A

Mary’s marriage. Stability Not Threatened:

  • Mary acted decisively at Wyatt’s - political skill
  • gentry reluctant to support any rebellion (WoR and 1549 chaos) - both their property & their social status
  • Despite the factional rivalry between Paget & Gardiner over the Spanish marriage, Mary’s Privy Council generally governed effectively - increased royal revenue, no serious rebellion after Wyatt’s
21
Q

Describe Mary’s Council (6)

A
  • Council too large and ineffective?
  • Appointed some of Edward VI’s councillors that were loyal to her - e.g Paget
  • Close to Kenninghall faction
  • factional rivalry between Gardiner and Paget
  • Simon Renard - close to Mary and Spanish ambassador
  • 1555 - inner council of 9 men set up
22
Q

How stable was the monarchy in the period 1547 to 1558?

THERE WAS A CRISIS (6)

A

THERE WAS A CRISIS
Somerset was able to seize power through manipulating Henry’s will
The rebellion of 1549 resulted in the politcal elite abandoning support of the govern.
Somerset’s overthrow in 1549 created instability
The power struggle between North. & the Catholics
The LJG affair resulted in raising of armed forces
Wyatt came close to toppling Mary

23
Q

How stable was the monarchy in the period 1547 to 1558?

THERE WAS NOT A CRISIS (6)

A

THERE WAS NOT A CRISIS
Legitimate monarch always triumphed
Crown passed peacefully from Henry to Edward & from Mary to Elizabeth
Even during factional struggles, gov continued
Henry’s will was upheld
Somerset’s attempted coup was short lived
LJG was queen for only 9 days - her grandmother (MARY TUDOR) was Henry VIII’s younger sister!
The ruling elite supported the rightful monarch: even in 1553 they supported Mary once Northumberland left London

24
Q

DUDLEY KEY FACTS: 5

A
  • father was Edmund Dudley who had served Henry VII as finance minister - Like his father, John made a name for himself serving the king
  • Political issues were left to Seymour while military ones were dealt with by Dudley - did a lot to boost his reputation e.g Sep 1547 defeated the Scots at Pinkie, In August 1549 he put down Kett’s rebellion
  • skilled political schemer - Seymour ha enemies Court whereas Dudley was seen as the successful military figure, loyal to his king and country
  • 1550 = Duke of Northumberland, 1551 Dudley = Earl Marshall of England –> his rise to most powerful man in England mirrored Seymour’s fall
  • political scheming again in attempting to exclude Mary - kept Edward’s death a secret for 3 days
25
Q

SEYMOUR KEY FACTS: 3

A
  • Seymour = Lord Admiral from 1542 to 1543 - fought in Scotland and France between 1544 and 1546
  • By Henry’s death in 1547, Seymour was the leading political figure in the land.
  • Seymour announced himself young king’s governor on the death of Henry - served to out-manoeuvre Catholic faction led by the Duke of Norfolk.
  • highly ambitious but arrogant - Seymour quickly gained a reputation for government mismanagement e.g ‘Good Duke’ promoting Kett’s

z -history - tudors (4 decks)

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