Rebellion and unrest 1547-1558 Flashcards
1
Q
Why did the nobility have a great fear of rebellions? (2)
A
- distorted perception: ‘the many-headed monster’
- Royal chain of being - fear rooted from peasants attempting to disrupt the chain
2
Q
Why were the rebellions in reality not as serious as they seemed? (4)
A
- just cries for help from the people to gov
- didn’t intend to threaten established order
- didn’t put forwards another candidate
- didn’t march on London
3
Q
Describe the climate of England in 1540s-50s (7)
A
- inflation - due to short supply due to failed harvests
- population rise 2.3 - 3 mil (baby boom)
- enclosure
- decline in living conditions
- vagrancy
- rising rents
- flu
4
Q
Main causes of the Western Rebellion 1549 (5)
A
- Class disputes
- Prayer Book 1549
- Taxes
- Religion
- Personality clashes
5
Q
How did class disputes cause the western rebellion? (4)
A
- sheep/cloth tax
- gentry seen as enemies - robbed gentry at St. Michael’s (Devon) - ‘kill the gentlemen’
- rack-renting exploited poor - landowners wanted more land for sheep farming
- Vagrancy Act 1547
6
Q
How did taxes cause the western rebellion? (2)
A
- sheep tax 1548-9 - pressure on lower classes - West County area of sheep farming + restriction on amount of land that could be converted into pasture land
- increased taxation - wars with Scotland and France
7
Q
How did religion cause the western rebellion? (2)
A
- Initial list of complaints mentioned tax - overtaken by Welsh - new list focuses on reintroduction of Catholicism (6 Articles, Latin mass)
- Unfamiliarity with changes - new prayer book reflected how much had changed under Somerset
8
Q
How did personality clashes cause the western rebellion? (1)
A
- Devon - gov. agent William Body intensified resentment - lots of investigation into church p 1547 roperty
9
Q
When was the first Prayer Book introduced?
A
15th Jan 1549
10
Q
Events of the Western Rebellion: 3
A
- Devon - rebels provoked into rebellion by use of new prayer book - Devon leadership: Welsh
- 20th June - rebels assembled at Bodmin under Adrunell (Cornwall leader)
- Bodmin -> Devon -> 23rd June (post Carew) Clyst st Mary -> lay siege on Exeter (failed - Russell delayed)
11
Q
What was the (local) gentry’s reaction to the Western rebellion? (3)
A
- Quickly lost grip
- Helier tried to calm - killed
- Sir Carew (Protestant) tried - further aggravated tension - fled to London
18th July - Russell (Catholic member of council) tried to create settlement - failed - action needed
12
Q
How was the Western rebellion suppressed? (3)
A
- Gov struggling to out down forces - gov reinforcements under Hebert came
- Somerset - pressure on Russel to put down rebellion - French declared war 8th Aug
- 16th Aug - Russel defeated rebels at Sampford Courtenay
13
Q
What were the punishments of the Western rebellion ? (2)
A
- 3000 killed
- Welsh killed
14
Q
Western rebellion banner
A
5 wounds of Christ
15
Q
What were the main causes of the Kett’s rebellion 1549? (5)
A
- somerset’s polices
- enclosure
- rents/taxes
- religion
- personality clashes
16
Q
How did somerset’s policies cause the kett’s rebellion? (1)
A
- repuatation as the ‘Good Duke’ - expressed sympathy with the plight of the poor e.g supported ‘Commonwealth Men’ - campaigned against exploitation of poor
17
Q
How did enclosure cause the kett’s rebellion? (1)
A
- more enclosures - more money in sale of wool - started building enclosed sheep runs e.g Flowerdew
18
Q
How did religion cause the kett’s rebellion? How is it clear that the rebels were more protestant leaning? (2)
A
- clear concern with quality of priests + failures to fulfill duties - one article requests that they should do more to educate the poor
- rebels clearly protestant leaning - used new prayer book at Mousehold Heath Camp
19
Q
How did personality clashes cause the kett’s rebellion? (1)
A
Norfolk - fences and hedges of Flowerdew uprooted - village (Wymondham) outraged with his rapacity
20
Q
Events of the Kett’s rebellion: 3
A
- Wymondham - drunked celebration of Thomas Beckett feast day - Flowerdew attack - Kett
- 10th July reached Norwich (densely populated failing textile trade) and camped at Household Heath 16k
- Under leadership of Robert Kett (joined rebels) - very well organised
21
Q
How did the (local) gentry react to the Kett’s rebellion (4)
A
- size, speed of movement shocked authority - gentry powerless against force
- 21st June - Warwick’s offer of pardons refused
- Warwick’s army ground resistance - 1000 mercenaries joined (gov stretched due to Scots fighting)
27th Aug - 3k dead, Kett arrested
22
Q
What were the punishments of the Kett’s rebellions? (2)
A
- Kett hanged for treason 26th Nov
- 49 executions
23
Q
Reasons 1549 rebellions were a threat to the government (5)
A
- military force used
- mass protest deeply feared
- resulted in fall of Somerset
- gov resources stretched - France and Scottish - garrisons
- Troops had to be removed from Scottish border - vulnerability/not achieving Somerset’s aim
24
Q
Reasons 1549 rebellions were not a threat to the government (4)
A
- Didn’t overthrow - politically unthreatening
- stayed in local area
- no link to join forces between two rebellions
- didn’t march on London - many-headed monster lead to exaggeration
25
Dale Hoak described the Kett's rebellion as the '16th century England's greatest crisis'. Is this true?
- NO - Edward's chronicle suggests it was easily appeased in local area
- NO - senior noble families in south-west (Courtenay) and East Anglia (Howards) removed - had to appeal to gov
- YES - two rebellions overlapped with each other and wars
26
Dates:
Lady Jane Grey
Wyatt
Lady Jane Grey: 1553
| Wyatt's: January 1554
27
Causes of Lady Jane Grey rebellion (3)
POLITICAL: Jane married Guilford Dudley before Edward was ill - named in succession - Northumberland's claim to power
RELIGIOUS: safeguard through Catholic reformation
ECONOMIC: dissolution of monasteries
28
Events of Lady Jane Grey rebellion (6)
1. 10th July - jane pronounced queen (Devise of the Succession 1553)
2. Mary had proclaimed herself queen in East Anglia - implored for help from Charles V
3. Northumberland went to Norfolk to restore peace - went to Cambridge (retreated and returned 17th July)
4. Whilst Northumberland was gone, Privy Council switched sides
5. 19th July - M forces 20k - people in capital celebrated Mary's accession
6. Mary arrived in capital 3rd Aug
29
Results of Lady Jane Grey rebellion (3)
- Mary queen 1553
| - 22nd Aug - Northumberland executed
30
Political causes of Wyatt rebellion (1)
- xenophobia - worried about Spanish influence on power
31
Religious causes of Wyatt rebellion (2)
- Courtney to marry Elizabeth
| - Attackedctholic properties of newly appointed Bishop of Winchester
32
Economic causes of Wyatt rebellion (1)
- cloth industry - especially Kent in decline
| - gentry abusing position in court + law
33
Results of Wyatt's rebellion (4)
The execution of 99 rebels, including Wyatt (martyr), Lady Jane Grey, Guilford Dudley (12th Feb 1554)
The imprisonment of Elizabeth Tudor.
The decision by Parliament to reduce Prince Philip's powers when king.
The determination of Mary I to step up her persecution of Protestants.
34
Events of Wyatt's rebellion (6)
December 1553 - Plans risings in Kent, Herefordshire, Devon & Leicestershire
14 January 1554 - proclamation announced marriage treaty terms
plan leaked by Edward Courtenay (questioned by Gardner LC - heard off Simon Renard IA)
Force led by the Duke of Norfolk was sent to deal with Wyatt but this collapsed when 500 government troops deserted to Wyatt's cause. Norfolk and what was left of his force retreated to London.
4K reached Ludgate 1/2 mile from Mary - didn't flee gave the speech
35
The threats to Mary WERE serious (3)
- potential removal of queen
- JLG queen for 9 days
- Timing - if Wyatt hadn't delayed and all 4 rebellions worked - would have been v serious
36
The threats to Mary WERE NOT serious (4)
- Wyatt had no support from prominent figures
- No widespread campaign after rebellions
- Actions of Mary preserved Tudor regime
- England retained its independence from Habsburg Spain during her reign
37
Why did Mary go and get support from the men in Suffolk (LJG rebellion)?
- Men of Suffolk resented Northumberland as he had put down Kett's rebellion when he was earl of Warwick
- Somerset preferred? 'Good Duke'
38
Due to Somerset's errors, what formed in government?
- The ruling elite were concerned by the disorder and Somerset’s arrogance
- Formation of the anti-Somerset faction – had little in common other than their dislike of Somerset (Warwick, Paget, Wriothesley)
- Events of the summer provided them an opportunity to act
