The Soul Boat Flashcards
1
Q
The term banka is also found
A
Indonesia and Fiji and Samoa of
Melanesian Islands
2
Q
First recorded of the term banka is to refer to all kinds of
A
small boats used in
■ rivers and
■ shallow coastal waters
3
Q
the term bangka comes from?
A
the Austronesian baɳka[h] = “boat”
4
Q
when did the expanded to include all kinds of water vessels of varying sizes.
A
18th Century
5
Q
Contemporary description of banka in Ilocos
A
Large bilog
Boat bilog
6
Q
- plank-built w/o outriggers
- can sail in deep open waters
A
Large bilog
7
Q
- 19th century
- “small bangka”
- hollowed from a single piece of log
- eventually became a large boat made of planks
A
Boat bilog
8
Q
Badjaw or Sama Laut - “bangka” is a general term for?
A
for all kinds of boats.
Term is not used for houseboats(lipa).
9
Q
what Ph language is bangka found?
A
Kapampangan, Hiligaynon, Sebuano, Samar-Leyte, Batad Ifugao, Badjaw, Sinama
10
Q
17th Century (Mindanao)
why is bangka not considered as a small boat?
A
since it can carryanywhere from 20-100 canvas of rice.
11
Q
17th Century (Mindanao)
Jesuit priest Francisco Combes description of bangka:
A
- Carved from a single piece of log.
-kasing laki ng trees and kayang makagawa ng
large boats
12
Q
17th Century (Mindanao)
Two kinds of bangka in Maguindanao
A
Binaluy
Kumpit
13
Q
17th Century (Mindanao)
describe a binaluy
A
made from single log
14
Q
17th Century (Mindanao)
describe a kumpit
A
● Plank-built
15
Q
17th Century (Mindanao)
● The Modern Day kumpit in Sama and Tausug
is made of? and its length?
A
○ Made of planks
○ 50-120 feet in length
16
Q
18th Century
“Bangka” was found in several Philippine languages, especially in?
A
Ilokano and Tagalog
17
Q
18th Century
What term did Bicol use for boats?
A
● sacayan - term for boat
● baloto - constructed from a single log
18
Q
18th Century
Bicol: sacayan
A
term for boat
19
Q
18th Century
Bicol: baloto
A
constructed from a single log
20
Q
18th Century
Term bangka is absent in what year? and in what vocabulary?
A
-in the year 1637
for the Visayan
Hiligaynon
Haraya Panay Island
21
Q
18th Century
what term in the dictionary of the Visayans of Leyte and Samar during 1668 use for bangka?
A
baloto
22
Q
Early 16th Century (Cebu)
Pigafetta recorded that the small boat was called a
A
baloto
23
Q
Early 16th Century (Cebu)
○ Smallest, simplest, and most common sea craft.
A
baloto
24
Q
Early 16th Century (Cebu)
○ Hollowed out from a solid piece of log
A
baloto
25
Early 16th Century (Cebu)
○ Could be carried ashore by a single person due to
small size.
baloto
26
Early 16th Century (Cebu)
○ Could be used to ride the huge waves of Samar
Island (one of the most dangerous waters in the
islands)
baloto
27
Early 16th Century (Cebu)
| ○ Looks like a ball floating on the waves.
baloto
28
Bangka was more than just a boat
Technology and its entire process of construction embodied beliefs of the indigenous culture
29
were traditional native warships of the Banguingui people of the Philippines.
Garay
30
commonly used for piracy by the Banguingui and Iranun people against unarmed trading ships and raids on coastal settlements in the regions surrounding the Sulu Sea
Garay
31
derived from Lanun of the Iranun people in Maguindanao.
Lanong
32
They were specialized for naval battles. They were prominently used for piracy and slave raids from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century in most of Southeast Asia
Lanong
33
also known as salisipan
Kakap
34
canoe-shaped boat which sometimes have outriggers.
Kakap
35
- Used for piracy and raids on coastal areas. They are usually part of fleets with larger motherships like pangjava, garay or lanong warships.
Kakap
36
the rocking motion of a boat on the waves
Kibang
37
old tradition of asking the anito (spirit of the departed) what luck would befall to the riders before sailing or docking
movement was attributed as the spirit’s response.
Kibang
38
Usually done before raiding or a fishing expedition
“guibang”
39
“Guibang guibang cun magototo cani”
Sway, sway, if we should proceed
Kapag nag sway - good fortune
Malakas yung pag sway - mas swerte
Pag hindi nag sway - malas
After mag sway, tinatanong nila kung deity ba or ancestor’s spirit ba yung nag sway.
Ex. Nag sway nung binanggit yung
deity
‘di nagsway nung binaggit yung
ancestor’s spirit. Meaning, deity
yung nagcause ng motion sa boat.
40
was an important Visayan boat launching ritual
Bacalag
41
was performed for the healing a of datu (chief) who was seriously ill
Bacalag
42
a request that people would fear the boat in the same manner that the sacrificed captive did
Mangaiao (raiding boat)
43
Daoharlucsin iginbabacalagna
a request that people would fear the boat in the same manner that the sacrificed captive did
44
a “revolting” ancient tradition
Calag
45
Bicol and Visayan means “soul”
Calag
46
Indigenous ethnic group in Mindanao
Bagobos
47
Believes that all things possess a gimokud or soul.
| Natural or man-made objects have gimokud.
Bagobos
48
gimokud
soul.
49
sumagat
Sama of Cagayan de Tawi-Tawi
soul
50
Sumagat in weapons is the reason kung bakit mas nagiging matibay yung blade ng weapons.
true
51
naniniwala sila na yung mga bagay, places and creatures ay may mga distinct spiritual essence. Katulad nung mga plants, rocks, animals, etc.
Animis m
52
why do Mandaya pray to the “soul of the rice” before planting.
It would cause the plant to bear more grains.
53
When Kudaman went down the house, the handrail shed tears of sorrow for the hero’s departure.
They believe that the house possesses a life and soul which displays own emotions.
“Kudaman” of Palawan Island’s Tagbanua People
54
what epic is this?
Hero’s boat is believed to be magical and charmed.
Possesses powers on its own and the hero can talk to it to do his bidding.
“Labaw Donggon”
55
They believe that both men and animals possess two souls.
Bad soul on the left; good on the right.
Man-made objects have only one soul.
Bagobos (Mindanao)
56
Alimaduan (soulstuff) originates from?
Ifugao
57
Based on dua or two, which is also a root of kaluluwa or soul.
They can conclude that there is a soul inside of an object as long as it possesses the qualities that are proper to it.
```
Ex. Alimaduan of rice - to yield grain
Lacks Alimanduan/Soulstuff - Can’t
yield grain.
Ex. Alimaduan of knife - Can cut
Lacks Alimanduan/Soulstuff - Can’t
cut and bends.
```
Alimaduan (soulstuff
58
believe that humans, animals, plants, weapons, food, clothing, etc. each have their own autochthonous soul
Malays
59
An epic from Subanon, Zamboanga
Sandayo
60
Gadyong (hero’s boat) reveals that the boat has its own mind. (May attitude)
Kung nalaman ng sandayo na gagamitin yung banka sa kasamaan, titigil siya ng kusa and hindi gagalaw. Tsaka lang siya gagalaw pag gusto na niya.
Sandayo
61
Figured prominently in the death rituals as they were part and parcel of the entire animistic belief.
BOATS
62
FORMS OF MOURNING
Maglahe
Morotal
Larao
Marabay
63
Indicated by fasting upon the death of a parent/close relative.
maglahe
64
The mourner ate no rice only? and drink only?
bananas and sweet potatoes.
| Drink only tuba (coconut wine).
65
He wound________ around his entire arm and neck during maglahe
rattan vine
66
when does maglahe end?
when the mourner had taken a captive or killed someone.
67
She would get on barangay boat together with
other women and 3 chosen warriors
68
3 chosen warriors roles? in morotal
TO STEER THE BOAT
ANOTHER TO BAIL
TO STAY IN THE BOW
69
what would the men do in morotal?
sang about their bravery in war while rowing the boat filled with jars of wine.
70
after morotal what happens?
Great feast would be held upon reaching their destination.
71
indication of end of morotal
mourning ended with the woman eating rice again and wearing gold ornaments.
72
Mourning for a datu (chief).
Larao
73
Everyone observed this ritual
Larao
74
No one could have any quarrel.
Larao
75
The weapons were carried with the points down.
Larao
76
Daggers carried with reversed hilts.
Larao
77
No one could wear colorful clothing.
Larao
78
All was silence.
Larao
79
Along the shore signs were placed indicating larao so that no one could transgress the silence on pain of death.
what signs was it?
white flag
80
larao
white flag
81
epic in maranao
Where white flags were placed at the river mouth and around the community.
Singing was forbidden and silence was enfored.
Whoever broke the rule would suffer death.
Darangen
82
another epic that tells about larao
Bilaans
Ceased all activity and merriment when their datu dies
All helped out in preparation for the burial.
83
A datu was buried in a boat with many
rowers who would serve him in the other world.
84
what was placed with datus burial vessel?
Foods, slaves, and drink were placed in the vessel that would carry the dead chief to the next life.
85
how many slaves would accompany the boat for the datu?
60 slaves
86
The burial boat would have been a _____ for a dead datu
barangay
87
According to Loarca
| datu descended from Dumaguete dies, a slave is made to?
die in the same manner as the chief.
The most wretched they could find.
A foreigner and not one of them, for he remarked that they were “not at all cruel”
88
According to Loarca,
dead were buried in wooden coffins, piled with gold, clothing and other expensive objects- as they believed that
if the person left this world well off, he would be received well in the next life
89
Tagalogs would bury the dead datu?
beside his house.
| Placed under a small house or porch constructed for this purpose.
90
how long did the tagalog mourning period be? and what would they do?
Mourning period of 4 days- after which the corpse was placed in the boat and buried.
91
Animals could be placed in the boat instead of the rowers.
A male and female species.
Usually 2 goats, deers, or hens.
Tagalogs
92
If the dead person was a WARRIOR
A living slave would be tied underneath the corpse to die in this manner.
93
Songs about the warrior’s prowess and good qualities were sung by relatives during the wake.
if the dead person was a WARRIOR
94
It is the general term for boats.
Bangka-
95
Other minor Philippine languages transposition.
Kabang
96
Tagalog term for coffin.
Kabaong-
97
Bikol term for house.
| - Sounds familiar to the Larong.
Harong
98
Malay term for coffin.
Larong-
99
meant a boathouse for the dead, intended him to the afterlife.
Kabaong
100
Had been a member of
| RAIDING TEAM The coffin would be in the shape of the boat called
barangay
101
If the dead person is…A RENOWNED SAILOR
He would be buried in his boat, with salves to row him to the afterlife.
102
In Bohol, a datu have been buried with ______ and food supplies, just as he had sailed when still living--
what would this ensure?
70 slaves
this supposedly ensured that he could maintain his raiding prowess beyond this world.
103
Where the oldest balangays (boat) in the Philippines were discovered.
Butuan City
104
oldest balangays (boat) There are also excavated coffins made from hardwood?
dungon
105
Especially used to construct the boat kneel.
It had also been noted that coffin planks and its cover were very tightly sewn that not even air could pass through.
dungon
The coffin was likewise constructed watertight in anticipation of its passage in the river or sea.
106
passageways to the afterlife.
River & Sea
107
Mourning ritual
Marabay
108
It takes its root from one important concept of this spiritual journey concerns abay.
Marabay
109
The mourner stays beside the corpse, taking no solid food for 3 days.
After this time, the mourner may then consume food butt nothing that had been passed over fire (hindi niluto sa apoy), until he had taken a head.
Marabay
110
Several boats sailing in tandem.
| for the dead to travel with companions
Abay: In Bikol
111
also referred to boats sailing together
Being in another’s company until death.
A certain supernatural power manifested through words- which a person possessed until death.
Abay: In Visayas
112
Accompanying a person to another place.
It signified a friend or a respected person whom one brought along to a gathering
Person’s soul- being a companion.
Abay: In Tagalog
113
When Spanish colonization began to spread the Christian faith, it is referring to the soul
Applying to the soul, they say: Ask to be guided by your namesake saints and by the catutubo.)
Abay: In religious tenet
114
Abay as a concept
idea o a companion, either as boats sailing in company or as a persons travelling together.
The nature of such travel could be temporary and brief, such as going to a gathering, or over the period of one’s entire lifetime- such as in indicated by having the soul as companion.
115
Sound a cricket is deemed as the dead person’s invitation for one to become his abay.
“You can come here no more because you are now going to the Great City (the afterlife). You can still a little love for me; do not bring me to sickness.”
Just a person needs company while he is on earth, so does the soul as it travels and goes to the afterlife.
Bagobo
116
We encounter this (first) term in the sample sentence lately, which explain the meaning of abay.
In pre-colonial culture, it was a person who was one’s namesake- related to the concept of
These indigenous concept were used to introduce and explain colonial concepts, in this case pertaining to religion.
Calagyo
117
Became the vehicle to introduce the idea of a patron saint and naming people after them in the process of Christianization.
Calagyo
118
Person who was the same age as oneself.
This reflected another belief about the soul as a companion, or abay.
but in particular as one who grew up with the person from birth.
Catutubo
119
Maranao belief
One’s twin who is spirit and who guards the person and defends him on harm.
It is given to a person upon birth.
It keeps the person company at all times.
Warns him of impending danger.
Helps him during battle.
It has the power to guard the person it accompanies through life.
It can be source of the person’s amazing abilities
Tonong
120
3 kinds of Tonong
In the clouds
On top of tress
In the water- diwata.
