The Sociology Of Education And Schools

Question 1

Stereotyping

Answer 1

Generalised oversimplified view of the features of a social group, leaving little room for individual differences.

Question 2

The hidden curriculum

Answer 2

Manifests through a child’s schooling, it reflects and reinforces societies norms and values. Those who conform tend to be praised where as those who don’t marked as deviant.

Question 3

Halo effect

Answer 3

When a pupil becomes stereotyped on the basis of earlier impressions

Question 4

Self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 4

When a teacher stereotypes a pupil and this pupil internalises the label and reacts by conforming to the teachers expectations.

Question 5

Culture capital

Answer 5

The knowledge, language, nannies and forms of behaviour, attitudes and values, taste and lifestyle, which gives the middle class students who possess them an inbuilt advantage

Question 6

School ethos

Answer 6

Character, atmosphere and climate of a school; whether pupils are treated equally or not, the involvement of parents encouraged by the school etc

Question 7

Marketisation

Answer 7

Services previously run by the state (education, healthcare) have government control reduced or removed completely leaving them subject to the free market forces of supply and demand

Question 8

Correspondence theory

Answer 8

(Bowles and Gintis 1976) the theory that what goes on in school in particular through the hidden curriculum corresponds closely with the needs of a workplace, the work place therefor casting a ‘long shadow of work’

Question 9

Differentiation

Answer 9

Occurs when teachers treat students differently according to sets

Question 10

Polarisation

Answer 10

Formation of subcultures in the sets, for example top set may form an ‘elite’ subculture, and the lowest and anti school subculture

Question 11

Streaming/banding/setting

Answer 11

Where pupils are put into different sets for according to their academic abilities measured through a set of exams.