the skull Flashcards
tmj is what kind of jt
condyloid/synovial
how many bones in skull
22
neurocranium is howmany bones and protects
8 bones and protect the brain
what are the bones of the neurocranium
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid
what are the pairs of bones in the neurocranium
parietal and temporal
how many bones is in the viscerocranium and makes up the
14 bones and bulk of the face
what bones make up the viscerocranium
nasal, lacrimal, vomer, inferior conchae, zygomatic bones, maxillae, palatine, mandible
what are the pairs of bones for the viscerocranium
nasal, lacrimal, inferior conchae, zygomatic bones, maxillae, palatine
viscerocranium surrounds the () and () openings
digestive and respiratory
what bones can you see from an anterior view (5)
frontal, nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, bones of orbit and nasal cavities mandible
sutures are generally named after
articulating bones
what are the anterior landmarks
frontal eminences, parietal eminences, superficial ciliary arches, glabella, nasion, anterior nasal spine
the frontal eminence is prominent in
men
the frontal eminence is () in women
rounded
acromegaly causes giants to get larger
frontal eminences
the frontal eminences represents the
primary center of ossification
what is the front eminences
forhead bumps like horns
what does the parietal eminences represent
primary ossification center
where do u find the parietal eminences
back of head
what are the superficial ciliary arches found
above eyebrows (cavemen)
what happens when u get hit in the superficial ciliary arches
loose ct so get blood under eye and get black eye
what is the glabella
where superficial ciliary arches meet above bridge of nose, means hairless
where is the nasion
under glabella
define nasion
point where internasal suture and frontal nsal suture meet
where do you find the anterior nasal spine
bottom of nasal opening where it protrudes a lil
what foramina do you see in the anterior view (5)
supraorbital notch, infraorbital foramen, anterior nasal apertures, zygomaticofacial foramen, mental foramen
what does the supraorbital foramen nerve supply
supraorbital nerve supplies foreahead
what does the infraorbital foramen nerve supply
like cheek area
what nerve supplies mouth and jaw
mental nerve
what nerve supplies the cheek bone
zygomaticofascial nerve branch of trigeminal
what passes through the mental foramen
mental nerve, artery, vein (branch of trigeminal)
coronal suture separates
frontal and parietal bones
what are the bones can be seen in the posterior view 3
parietal occipital (squamous portion) temporal (mastoid process)
sutures seen in posterior 3
sagittal lamboidal occipitomastoid
landmarks 4
lambda, parietal eminences, nucal liens, eop
another name for inion
external occipital protuberance
foramina in posterior view
parietal
what goes through the parietal foramina
emmesary veins (variable in number)
what does the emmesary veins connect
external and internal veins of the skull connects the inner to outer
what could happen clinically with emmesary veins
you could get an infection from scalp into brain and get meningitis
what is the end of the inion called
external occipital crest
what is the tip of eop called
inion
what is the lambda
where saggital and lambdoid suture meet
what is lambda a former site of
posterior fontanelle canal
what is the posterior fontanelle canal in babies
soft spot in babies
what does parts of skull first start off as
mesenchymal membrane
whats the highest point on skull called
vertex
what does the lambdoid suture separate
parietal and occipital bone
what bones can you see from a lateral view 9
frontal, nasal maxilla zygomatic mandible sphenoid parietal temporal occipital
landmarks lateral view 9
anterior nasal spine, frontal eminences, parietal eminences, pterion, asterion, superior and inferior temporal lines, zygomatic arches, infratemporal crest, vertex
foramina lateral view 5
zygomaticofacial foramina, zygomaticotemporal foramina, pterygomaxillary fissure, inferior orbital fissure, external auditory meatus
what is the former site of the posteriorlateral fontanelle
asterion
what 3 bones make up the asterion
parietal, occipital, temporal
why called squamous suture
cause borders the squamous portion of temporal bone
what does squamous mean
flat
what occupies the temporal fossa
temporalis muscle
what makes the temporal fossa
superior and inferior temporal lines
what is the pterion (bones that make it)
the frontal, parietal temporal, sphenoid
what is the pterion a former site of
soft spot anteriorlateral fontanelle
what is the clinical significance of the pterion
thin bone so fx easy, rupture middle meningeal artery and get epidural hematoma
what is a epidural hematoma
when dura mater separates from periosteum
what happens if you fx the pterion on the left side
you hit brocas area and get motor aphasia
what is motor aphasia
inability to speek
what is the center for motor speech
brocas area
where do u find brocas area
found on left/dominant hemisphere
what is the little bump from a lateral view inferior nose
anterior nasal spine
what is an extra bone in skull called
wormian bone/ sutural bone
why get extra bone
failure of sutures fusing , find in lambda too
what bones can u superior view
frontal parietal occipital
what sutures do u see superior view
coronal sagittal lambdoidal
landmarks of superior view
bregma lambda frontal and parietal eminences
what foramina see in superior view
parietal foramina
what is the bones in the inferior/basal view anterior part
maxilla, palatine zygomatic
what sutures see in inferior/basal view anterior part
cruciform
what is the cruciform a combo of
intermaxillary, palatomaxillary and interpalatine sutures
what landmarks seen in inferior/basal view anterior part 4
incisive fossa, alveolar arch, posterior nasal spine, maxillary tuberosity
3 foramina seen inferior/basal view anterior part
incisive foramina- located in the incisive fosasa
greater and lesser palatine foramina
what bones see inferior view middle part
vomer palatine sphenoid temporal occipital
what is function of vomer
forms nasal septum and divides nasal cavity into right and left
what are the parts of the sphenoid
greater and lesser wing
what are the parts of the temporal bone
squamous portion, styloid process, mastoid process, zygomatic process, tympanic plate
what landmark seen in inferior view middle part 5
pterygoid hamulus, pharyngeal tubercle, spine of sphenoid, styloid process, articular (mandibular) fossa
what are the foramina of inferior middle part 6
posterior nasal aperatures, foramen lacerum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, carotid foramen, EAM
what are the bones see in inferior view posterior part
temporal occipital
what is suture see inferior posterior view
occipitomastoid
what is the landmarks seen inferior view posterior part 8
occipital condyles, condylar fossa, jugular process, superior and inferior nuchal lines, external occipital crest, EOP, mastoid process, digastric/mastoid notch
what foramina see inferior view posterior part
foramen magnum, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, condylar foramen, sylomastoid foramen, mastoid foramina
what do you find deep to the incisive fossa
incisive foramina
what goes through incisive foramina
nasal palatine nerves, arteries and veins
what is function of alveolar arch
where teeth arise
what is the rough surface are you find on posterior surface of maxillary bone
maxillary tuberosity
what goes through the greater and lesser palatine foramina
transmits nerves a, v of same name greater palatine fossa
what makes up the cruciform suture
interpalatine suture and maxilopalatine suture
what is the little protrusion formed by palatine bone
posterior nasal spine
terogate process has a () and () plate
medial and lateral plate
what is the elevation of the mandibular fossa called
articular eminence
what does the articular eminence prevent
dislocation of tmj
what does the foramen spinosum transmit
middle meningeal artery and nervous spinosum (branch of trigeminal nerve)
what is transmitted through foramen ovale
mandibular nerve
what bounds the foramen lacerum
occipital sphenoid and petrous part
in real life what is closed by fibrocartilage but is a hole in a skull
foramen lacerum
where find groove for auditory tube/ pharyngeal tempanic tube/ eustacian tube
between sphenoid bone and petrous part of temporal bone
what does the mandible/condyle articulate on skull
articular fossa/mandibular fossa
what is the hardest portion of temporal bone
petrous portion
what does the petrous portion house
carotid canal and middle and inner ear
what is the carotid canal a passage way for
internal carotid artery
where find ossicles
middle ear
what does the external opening of carotid canal have traveling through it
internal carotid artery
superior to the condyle of the skull is the
hypoglossal canal/foramen
what does the hypoglossal canal transmits
hypoglossal nerve
what does the condyles of the skull articulate with
lateral masses of atlas
what does the stylomastoid foramen transmit
stylomastroid artery and facial nerve
clinical significance of mastoid process in newborns
if havea hard delivery they get salad tongue and could pull baby out and impinge facial nerve and asymmetry of face
jugular foramen is bounded b/w
temporal and occipital bone
jugular foramen transmits
internal jugular vein and nerves 9-11 cranial??
what is the internal jugular vein a counter part ot
internal carotid artery
what passes through foramen magnum
spinal cord and dura mater tectorial membrane vertebral artery and spinal portion of accessory nerve
what does the mastoid foramen transmits
emmesary vein
what is medial to mastoid process
a groove
what is the attachment site for digastric muscle
mastoid notch/digastric notch
condylar foramen is or is not present all the time and transmits what
is not, emmesary vein
what is the bump in the center of the basilar portion of the occipital bone called
pharyngeal tubercle
where does the semispinalis capitis attached to
in between the inferior nucal line and superior nuchal line
where does the traps attach to
superior nucal line
bones see on internal surface of cranial vault
frontal parietal occipital
cranial vault aka
skull cap
sutures seen on internal surface of cranial vault
coronal sagittal lamboid
landmarks for internal surface of cranial vault
sulcus for superior sagittal sinu, oval depressions for arachnoid granultaions, grooves for meningeal vessels
foramina seen in internal surface of cranial vault
parietal foramina
the little holes next to the sagittal suture are and transmit
parietal foramen , emmesary veins
what are the grooves on the inner surface of the parietal bone for
middle meningeal arteries
the oval depressions/caveolae is for () and extensions of ()
is for arachnoid granulations, extensions of arachnoid mater
the groove in the sagittal suture is for
superior sagittal sinus
the foramen cecum has what transmitting through it
emmesery vein
where do u find the foramen cecum
between frontal crest and crista gali
what is meningitis preceeded as
nasal infection
what is the line in the middle of the cribiform
crista gali
what are parts of ethmoid bone
crista gali and cribiform plate
prechiasmatic sulcus aka
chiamastic groove
where does the optic nerve cross
prechiasmatic sulcus
what is the roof of the orbital cavity
orbital plate of the frontal bone
the holes in the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone are for the
olfactory nerves for smell
what fissure is underneat the smaller wing of sphenoid and above the greater wing
superior orbital fissure
what does the superior orbital fissure transmit
ophthalmic veins, ophthalmic nerve (division of trigeminal) cranial nerve 3,4,6
the foramen rotundum is passageway for
maxillary portion of trigeminal nerve
where is the pituitary gland located
hypophyseal fossa
what is pituitary gland aka
hypohysis
what makes the sella turcica
tuberculum sellae (anteriorly) and posteriorly dorsum sellae and hypophyseal fossa
posterior clinoid process is the ends of
dorsum sellae
the groove for middle meningeal artery connects to teh
foramen spinosum
the foramen spinosum transmits
the middle meningeal artery
wwhat is transmitted by foramen ovale
mandibular nerve
what bounds the foramen lacerum
occipital bone, sphenoid, petrous
the foramen lucerem is superimposed with
opening of carotid canal
what can you find near the crest of petrous bone
groove for superor petrosal sinus?
what is the down slope found on the inner basilar portion of occipital bone
clivus
what does the petrous portion of the temporal bone contain
middle ear, inner cavity and jugular vein
internal acoustic meatus transmit nerve () and () and () artery
nerve 7, 8 and internal acoustic artery/labyrinth artery
what supplies blood ot the internal ear
internal acoustic artery aka labyrinth artery
where does the cerebellum sit
cerebellar fossa
what supplies blood ot the internal ear
internal acoustic artery aka labyrinth artery
where does the cerebellum sit
cerebellar fossa
what is between groove for tansverse sinus and internal occipital crest
internal occipital protuberance IOP
what does the transverse sinus becomes
sigmoid sinus
what does the sigmoid sinus become
internal jugular vein
what is in the body of the sphenoid bone
the sphenoid sinus
the sphenoid sinus is what kind of sinus
paranasal sinus
what are the paranasal sinuses
air filled caivites
tranverse, sigmoid, superior sagittal sinus are what kind of sinuses
dural sinuses that contains venous vessels
the mandibular foramen summits what nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
the inferior alveolar nerve provides sensation to
lower teeth
the inferior alveolar nerve exits through the () foramen and is calle teh
mental nerve
what gaurds the mandibular foramen
lingula
what does the sublingual fossa house
ssalivary glands
below the mylohyoid line is the () fossa which houses the ()
submandibular fossa, submandibular salivary gland
whats next to the mental protuberance
mental tubercles
what is it called when the mandibledoesnt completely fuse and get cleft chin
symphysis mentaie
angle of mandible aka
gonion
what is between groove for tansverse sinus and internal occipital crest
internal occipital protuberance IOP
what does the transverse sinus becomes
sigmoid sinus
what does the sigmoid sinus become
internal jugular vein
what is in the body of the sphenoid bone
the sphenoid sinus
the sphenoid sinus is what kind of sinus
paranasal sinus
what are the paranasal sinuses
air filled caivites
tranverse, sigmoid, superior sagittal sinus are what kind of sinuses
dural sinuses that contains venous vessels
the mandibular foramen summits what nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
the inferior alveolar nerve provides sensation to
lower teeth
the inferior alveolar nerve exits through the () foramen and is calle teh
mental nerve
what gaurds the mandibular foramen
lingula
what does the sublingual fossa house
ssalivary glands
below the mylohyoid line is the () fossa which houses the ()
submandibular fossa, submandibular salivary gland
whats next to the mental protuberance
mental tubercles
what is it called when the mandibledoesnt completely fuse and get cleft chin
symphysis mentaie
angle of mandible aka
gonion
