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maris ga 2 > skull development > Flashcards

skull development Flashcards

1
Q

neurocranium is the

A

protective case for the brain

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2
Q

the neurocranium is derived from

A

occipital somites and somitomeres

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3
Q

viscerocranium is the

A

skeleton of the face

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4
Q

the viscerocranium is derived from

A

ectoderm via the invaginated head neural crest

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5
Q

the membranous portion of neurocranium is derived from the

A

neural crest

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6
Q

the chonral portion of neurocranium is partly derived from the

A

neural crest and partly from the occipital somites and somitieres

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7
Q

the cartilaginous neurocranium aka

A

chondrocranium

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8
Q

what kinds of bones are the cartilaginous neurocranium

A

bones of the base of the skull

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9
Q

what kind of bones are the membranous neurocranium

A

flat bones

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10
Q

what is the difference between the membranous nad cartilaginous

A

there is an intermediate stage in cartilaginous stage. membranous: mesenchymal membrane > ossification

cartilaginous: mesenchymal membrane > cartilaginous stage > ossification

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11
Q

what type of ossification does the cartilaginous neurocranium endergo

A

endochondral ossification

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12
Q

what is the location of the membranous neurocranium

A

sides and roof

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13
Q

what is a fontanel

A

fibrous tissue membrane separating the bones of the calvaria

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14
Q

what is the calvaria

A

skull cap

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15
Q

palpation of the fontanels enables the physician to determine

A

profress of growth of the frontal and parietal bones

degree of hydration of the infant

level of intracranial pressure

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16
Q

the frontal eminence is a

A

primary center of ossification

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17
Q

if the anterior fontanelle is depressed means

A

dehydration

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18
Q

what dose it mean if fontanelle is bulging out

A

tumor or hypersomethign?

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19
Q

what age should the anterior fontanelle close

A

1.5 years old (18 months)

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20
Q

when should the posterior fontanelle close

A

6 months

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21
Q

if the posterior fontanelle does not close it shows

A

retardation of ossification

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22
Q

anterior fontanel is what shaped

A

diamond

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23
Q

ant. fontanel is future site of

A

bregma

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24
Q

when does the union of the halves of the frontal begin

A

2nd year

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25
Q

when is the frontal bone completely fused

A

8th year

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26
Q

what is a metopic suture

A

extra suture in the frontal bone due to failure of the frontal bones to completely fuse

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27
Q

what shape is posterior fontanel

A

triangular

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28
Q

the post font is future site of

A

lambda

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29
Q

when does the posterior fontanel begin to close

A

first few months after birth

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30
Q

when does the post fonta finishes closing

A

end of 1st year

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31
Q

what are the other two fontanels

A

anterolateral and posterolateral

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32
Q

anterolateral fontanels aka

A

sphenoidal

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33
Q

posterolateral fontanels aka

A

mastoid

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34
Q

when does the calvaria mold

A

passage through the birth canal

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35
Q

caput succedanun

A

swelling of soft tissue of scalp and cone head during prolonged labor

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36
Q

the sphenoidal fontanel becomes teh

A

pterion

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37
Q

the mastoid fontanel becomes the

A

asterion

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38
Q

how many types of ossification does the viscerocranium go through

A

cartilaginous, membranous (2)

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39
Q

the viscerocranium is formed mainly by cartilages of the first

A

two pharyngeal arches

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40
Q

the 1st arch dorsal portion makes

A

maxillary process, maxilla, zygomatic bone, part of temporal bone

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41
Q

1st arch ventral portion makes

A

Meckel’s cartilage/mandibular process
mesenchyme around cartilage makes mandible
cart disappears except sheath forms sphenomandibular ligament
dorsal tip forms incus and malleus

MAIN MANDIBLE MALLEUS INCUS

42
Q

2nd arch dorsal makes

A

stapes and styloid process

43
Q

2nd arch ventral portion makes

A

lesser horns and superior portion of hyoid bone

44
Q

what does the third arch cartilage form

A

rest of hyoid bone

45
Q

what is the future mouth

A

stomadeum

46
Q

the small facial region of the cranium is a result of

A

small size of jaws
virtual absence of the paranasal sinuses
underdevelopment of facial bones at birth

47
Q

examples of paranasal sinuses

A

frontal, maxillary, sphenoid

48
Q

the capacity of the calvaria normally increases until about what age

A

16 years of age

49
Q

when does the paranasal sinueses reach their max size

A

during puberty

50
Q

what does the paranasal sinuses contribute to

A

definitive shape of face, lightening the skull, resonance of the voice

51
Q

what else contributes to the shape of the face

A

eruption of permanent teeth

52
Q

what happens when u get sinusitis

A

muffled voice cause air filled with fluid

53
Q

what is craniosynostosis (general)

A

premature closure of the sutures of the skull

54
Q

doedoes craniosynostosis effect mental ability

A

no

55
Q

scaphocephaly

A

premature closure of the sagittal suture (looks like a boat)

56
Q

plagiocephaly

A

premature closure of coronal or lamboid suture on ONE SIDE causing lopsidedness

57
Q

oxycephaly aka

A

turricephaly

58
Q

oxycephaly

A

premature closure of the coronal suture (back gets big)

59
Q

acrania associated with

A

meroanencephaly which results from failure of the cranial end of the neural tube to close

60
Q

when does the acrania occur

A

4th week of development

61
Q

what is acrania simply

A

absence of a calvaria

62
Q

what is acrania associated with

A

folic acid defficiency

63
Q

what is meroanencephaly

A

partial loss of brain specifically cerebrum is gone so only cerebellum and brainstem there

64
Q

what is microcephaly

A

result of abnormal CNS development, usually microcephalics are severely mentally retarded

65
Q

what are the components of the pharyngeal arch

A

artery
cartilaginous rod that forms the skeleton
muscular component
nerve

66
Q

pharyngeal cleft/groove

A

these grooves separate the pharyngeal arches externally

67
Q

pharyngeal pouch

A

where the pharyngeal arches pass into

68
Q

pharyngeal membrane

A

the endoderm of the pouches contact the ectoderm of the pharyngeal grooves and together form this double layer

69
Q

caput succedanun

A

swelling of soft tissue of scalp and cone head during prolonged labor

70
Q

the sphenoidal fontanel becomes teh

A

pterion

71
Q

the mastoid fontanel becomes the

A

asterion

72
Q

how many types of ossification does the viscerocranium go through

A

cartilaginous, membranous (2)

73
Q

the viscerocranium is formed mainly by cartilages of the first

A

two pharyngeal arches

74
Q

the 1st arch dorsal portion makes

A

maxillary process, maxilla, zygomatic bone, part of temporal bone

75
Q

1st arch ventral portion makes

A

Meckel’s cartilage/mandibular process
mesenchyme around cartilage makes mandible
cart disappears except sheath forms sphenomandibular ligament
dorsal tip forms incus and malleus

MAIN MANDIBLE MALLEUS INCUS

76
Q

2nd arch dorsal makes

A

stapes and styloid process

77
Q

2nd arch ventral portion makes

A

lesser horns and superior portion of hyoid bone

78
Q

what does the third arch cartilage form

A

rest of hyoid bone

79
Q

what is the future mouth

A

stomadeum

80
Q

the small facial region of the cranium is a result of

A

small size of jaws
virtual absence of the paranasal sinuses
underdevelopment of facial bones at birth

81
Q

examples of paranasal sinuses

A

frontal, maxillary, sphenoid

82
Q

the capacity of the calvaria normally increases until about what age

A

16 years of age

83
Q

when does the paranasal sinueses reach their max size

A

during puberty

84
Q

what does the paranasal sinuses contribute to

A

definitive shape of face, lightening the skull, resonance of the voice

85
Q

what else contributes to the shape of the face

A

eruption of permanent teeth

86
Q

what happens when u get sinusitis

A

muffled voice cause air filled with fluid

87
Q

what is craniosynostosis (general)

A

premature closure of the sutures of the skull

88
Q

doedoes craniosynostosis effect mental ability

A

no

89
Q

scaphocephaly

A

premature closure of the sagittal suture (looks like a boat)

90
Q

plagiocephaly

A

premature closure of coronal or lamboid suture on ONE SIDE causing lopsidedness

91
Q

oxycephaly aka

A

turricephaly

92
Q

oxycephaly

A

premature closure of the coronal suture (back gets big)

93
Q

acrania associated with

A

meroanencephaly which results from failure of the cranial end of the neural tube to close

94
Q

when does the acrania occur

A

4th week of development

95
Q

what is acrania simply

A

absence of a calvaria

96
Q

what is acrania associated with

A

folic acid defficiency

97
Q

what is meroanencephaly

A

partial loss of brain specifically cerebrum is gone so only cerebellum and brainstem there

98
Q

what is microcephaly

A

result of abnormal CNS development, usually microcephalics are severely mentally retarded

99
Q

what are the components of the pharyngeal arch

A

artery
cartilaginous rod that forms the skeleton
muscular component
nerve

100
Q

pharyngeal cleft/groove

A

these grooves separate the pharyngeal arches externally

101
Q

pharyngeal pouch

A

where the pharyngeal arches pass into

102
Q

pharyngeal membrane

A

the endoderm of the pouches contact the ectoderm of the pharyngeal grooves and together form this double layer

maris ga 2 (8 decks)

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