The skull

Question 1

Calvaria

Answer 1

dome like roof of the cranium

Question 2

cranial base consists of

Answer 2

floor

ethmoid, sphenoid, parts of temporal occipital and frontal bones

Question 3

cranium composed of how many bones- name them

Answer 3

8

• frontal
• parietal (paired)
• temporal (paired)
• occipital
• sphenoid
• ethmoid

Question 4

bones of skull joined by what

Answer 4

sutures

Question 5

fontanelles

Answer 5

areas of fibrous membranes in newborns that separate the bones of the calabria

Question 6

number of fontanelles and name them

Answer 6

6

• 2 in medial plane (anterior and posterior fontanelle)
• 2 pairs on each side
• – anterolateral (sphenoidal)
• — posterolateral (mastoid)

Question 7

Anterior fontanelle closes*

Answer 7

18-24 months

Question 8

posterior fontanelle closes*

Answer 8

6-8 weeks

-is it future lambed suture?

Question 9

posterolateral fontanelle closes*

Answer 9

1-2 months

Question 10

anterolateral fontanelle closes*

Answer 10

3 months

Question 11

Frankfort horizontal plane

Answer 11

anatomical position of skull where the margin of the orbit and the superior margin of external auditory matures lie in the same horizontal plane

Question 12

pterion

Answer 12

weakest part of the skull

• made by frontal parietal temporal and spheroid bones
• located within the temporal fossa

Question 13

what runs inside the pterion

Answer 13

anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery (from maxillary artery) lies in groove of internal aspect of lateral wall of skull

Question 14

origin of middle meningeal artery

Answer 14

1st branch of maxillary

–> external carotid —> common carotid

Question 15

most common complain of a head injury

Answer 15

disturbance of consciousness

Question 16

some stats of head injuries

Answer 16

• mayor cause of death in young adults

- men affected 3-4 times as often as women

Question 17

types of fractures*

Answer 17

• depressed
• linear
• cominnuted

Question 18

depressed fracture*

Answer 18

fragment of bone is depressed inward to compress or injure the brain
- like pterium, which can lacerate anterior branch of middle meningeal artery

Question 19

linear skull fracture*

Answer 19

• most frequent type
• occur at point of impact
• fracture lines radiate away from it in other directions

Question 20

comminuted fracture*`

Answer 20

bone is broken in several fragments

Question 21

layers of the skull*

Answer 21

• skin
• periosteum
• bone
• periosteim
• dura
• arachnoid
• pia
• brain

Question 22

where are the paranasal sinuses located

Answer 22

where the dura splits into periosteal and meningeal layer (space)– this is where the main venous drainage for brain brainstem and (sacrum?)

Question 23

where does batsons plexus drain into

Answer 23

batson plexus drains into superior sagittal sinus

Question 24

extradural hemorrhage (location) damages what***

Answer 24

• between dura and cranium

damages middle meningeal artery

Question 25

subdural hemorrhage( location) damages what***

Answer 25

between dura and arachnoid

- damages cerebral veins (within the sinus)

Question 26

sub arachnoid hemorrhage (location) damages what ***

Answer 26

under arachnoid
- damages cerebral arteries

(hypertension of ruptured aneurysm)- fast presentation

Question 27

fractures of calvaria, occur where

Answer 27

• area that is thinnest (sometimes its not the area of impact)